Injectable solution at ph 7 comprising at least one basal insulin the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5 and a hydrophobized anonic polymer

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, the pH of which is between 6.6 and 7.8, including at least: a) a basal insulin, the isoelectric point pI of which is between 5.8 and 8.5; and b) a hydrophobized anionic polymer. In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also includes a prandial insulin.

The invention relates to therapies by injection of insulin(s) for treating diabetes.

Insulin therapy, or therapy for diabetes by injection of insulin, has experienced remarkable progress over the past few years by virtue in particular of the development of new insulins which offer better correction of blood glucose level in patients in comparison with human insulin and which make it possible to simulate more closely the physiological activity of the pancreas.

When type II diabetes is diagnosed in a patient, a gradual treatment is put in place. The patient firstly takes oral antidiabetics (OADs) such as metformin. When OADs alone are no longer sufficient to regulate the glucose level in the blood, a change in the treatment must be made and, depending on the patient's specificities, various treatment combinations can be put in place. The patient can, for example, have a treatment based on a basal insulin of glargine or detemir type as a supplement to the OADs, then subsequently, depending on the progression of the disease, a treatment based on basal insulin and prandial insulin.

Moreover, today, in order to ensure the transition from treatments with OADs, when the latter are no longer able to control the glucose level in the blood, to a basal insulin/prandial insulin treatment, the injection of GLP-1 analogs is recommended.

GLPs-1, for Glucagon-Like Peptides-1, are insulinotropic peptides or incretins, and belong to the family of gut hormones which stimulate insulin secretion when the blood glucose level is too high, for example after a meal.

Gut hormones are also called satiating hormones. They comprise in particular GLP-1 (Glucagon like peptide-1) and GIP (Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide), oxyntomodulin (a proglucagon derivative), peptide YY, amylin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), ghrelin and enterostatin which have peptide or protein structures. They also stimulate insulin secretion, in response to glucose and fatty acids, and are therefore in this respect potential candidates for the treatment of diabetes.

Among these gut hormones, GLPs-1 are those which have to date provided the best results in the development of medicaments. They have enabled patients suffering from type II diabetes to lose weight while at the same time having a better control of their blood glucose level.

GLP-1 analogs or derivatives have thus been developed, in particular for improving their stability.

Furthermore, to cover his daily insulin needs, a diabetic patient currently has, schematically, two types of insulins that have complementary actions: prandial insulins (or “fast-acting” insulins) and basal insulins (or “slow-acting” insulins).

The prandial insulins allow a rapid management (metabolization and/or storage) of the glucose taken in during meals and snacks. The patient must inject himself with a prandial insulin before each food intake, i.e. approximately 2 to 3 injections per day. The prandial insulins most widely used are recombinant human insulin, NovoLog® (insulin aspart from NOVO NORDISK), Humalog® (insulin lispro from ELI LILLY) and Apidra® (insulin glulisine from SANOFI-AVENTIS).

The basal insulins maintain the glycemic homeostasis of the patient, outside periods of food intake. They act essentially to block the endogenous production of glucose (hepatic glucose). The daily dose of basal insulin generally corresponds to 40-50% of the total daily insulin needs. Depending on the basal insulin used, this dose is dispensed in 1 or 2 injections, spread out regularly over the course of the day. The basal insulins most widely used are Levemir® (insulin detemir from NOVO NORDISK) and Lantus® (insulin glargine from SANOFI-AVENTIS).

It will be noted, in the interests of being thorough, that NPI-1 (insulin NPH for Neutral Protamine Hagedorn; Humuline NPH®, Insulatard®) is the oldest basal insulin. This formulation is the result of a precipitation of human insulin (anionic at neutral pH) using a cationic protein, protamine. The microcrystals thus formed are dispersed in an aqueous suspension and dissolve slowly after subcutaneous injection. This slow dissolution provides a prolonged release of the insulin. However, this release does not provide a constant concentration of insulin over time. The release profile is bell-shaped and only lasts between 12 and 16 hours. It is therefore injected twice a day. This NPH basal insulin is much less effective than the modern basal insulins, Levemir® and Lantus®. NPH is an intermediate-action basal insulin.

The principle of NPH has evolved with the appearance of the fast-acting insulin analogs to give products called “Premix” that offer both a fast action and an intermediate action. NovoLog Mix® (NOVO NORDISK) and Humalog Mix® (ELI LILLY) are formulations comprising a fast-acting insulin analog, Novolog® and Humalog®, partially complexed with protamine. These formulations thus contain insulin analog microcrystals, the action of which is termed intermediate, and an insulin component that has remained soluble, the action of which is fast. These formulations clearly offer the advantage of a fast-acting insulin, but they also have the defect of NPH, i.e. a limited duration of action of between 12 and 16 hours and an insulin with a “bell-shaped” release profile. However, these products allow patients to give themselves, in one go, an injection of an intermediate-action basal insulin with a fast-acting prandial insulin. As it happens, there are many patients who are anxious to reduce their number of injections.

The basal insulins currently marketed and currently in clinical development can be classified according to the technical solution which makes it possible to obtain the prolonged action, and, to date, two approaches are used.

The first approach, which is that of insulin detemir, is binding to albumin in vivo. Insulin detemir is an analog, which is soluble at pH 7, and which comprises a fatty acid (tetradecanoyl) side chain attached in position B29 which, in vivo, enables this insulin to associate with albumin. Its prolonged action is mainly due to this affinity for albumin after subcutaneous injection.

However, its pharmacokinetic profile does not make it possible to cover a day, which means that it is most commonly used as two injections per day.

Other basal insulins which are soluble at pH 7, such as Degludec®, are currently in development. Degludec® also comprises a fatty acid side chain attached to the insulin (hexadecanedioyl-y-L-Glu).

The second approach, which is that of insulin glargine, is precipitation at physiological pH. Insulin glargine is a human insulin analog obtained by elongation of the C-terminal part of the B chain of human insulin with two arginine residues, and by substitution of asparagine residue A21 with a glycine residue (U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,722). The addition of two arginine residues was considered in order to adjust the pI (isoelectric point) of insulin glargine at physiological pH, and thus to render this human insulin analog insoluble in physiological medium.

Also, the substitution of A21 was considered in order to render insulin glargine stable at acid pH and thus to be able to formulate it in the form of an injectable solution at acid pH. During subcutaneous injection, the passing of insulin glargine from an acid pH (pH 4-4.5) to a physiological pH (neutral pH) causes it to precipitate under the skin. The slow redissolution of the insulin glargine microparticles provides a slow and prolonged action.

The hypoglycemic effect of insulin glargine is virtually constant over a period of 24 hours, which enables most patients to limit themselves to a single injection per day.

Insulin glargine is today considered to be the best basal insulin on the market.

However, the necessarily acid pH of the formulations of basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, of insulin glargine type, can be a real drawback since this acid pH of the insulin glargine formulation sometimes causes pain on injection in patients and especially prevents any formulation with other proteins and in particular with prandial insulins, since the latter are not stable at acid pH. The impossibility of formulating a prandial insulin at acid pH comes from the fact that a prandial insulin undergoes, under these conditions, a side reaction consisting of deamidation in position A21, which does not make it possible to meet the requirement of the US Pharmacopeia, namely less than 5% of by-products after 4 weeks at 30° C.

Thus, no one has to date sought to solubilize these basal insulins, of insulin glargine type, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, at neutral pH while at the same time maintaining a difference in solubility between the in vitro medium (the container) and the in vivo medium (under the skin), independently of the pH.

From the analysis of the compositions described in the literature and the patents, it appears that the insolubility at pH 7 of the basal insulins, of the insulin glargine type, is a prerequisite for having a slow action.

Indeed, the principle of how basal insulins, of insulin glargine type, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, function is that they are soluble at acid pH and precipitate at physiological pH. This diverts those skilled in the art from any solution in which the insulin of insulin glargine type would be solubilized at pH 6-8 while keeping its essential property which is that of precipitating in subcutaneous medium.

Furthermore, this acid pH of the formulations of basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, of insulin glargine type, even prevents any extemporaneous combination with prandial insulins at neutral pH.

Indeed, a recent clinical study, presented at the 69th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association, New Orleans, La., Jun. 5-9, 2009, 0019-OR made it possible to verify this limitation of the use of insulin glargine. A dose of insulin glargine and a dose of prandial insulin (in the case in point, insulin lispro) were mixed just before injection (E. Cengiz et al., 2010; Diabetes care-33(5): 1009-12). This experiment made it possible to demonstrate a significant delay in the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamic profiles of the prandial insulin, possibly giving rise to postprandial hyperglycemia and to nocturnal hypoglycemia. This study clearly confirms the incompatibility of insulin glargine with the fast-acting insulins currently on the market.

Moreover, the instruction leaflet for Lantus®, the commercial product based on insulin glargine from the company SANOFI-AVENTIS, explicitly informs users not to mix with a solution of prandial insulin, whatever it may be, owing to the serious risk of modifying the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the insulin glargine and/or of the prandial insulin mixed together.

However, from a therapeutic point of view, it has been demonstrated, as illustrated hereinafter, that treatments combining either an insulin glargine and a prandial insulin, or an insulin glargine and a GLP-1 analog, are of real interest.

As regards the combination of an insulin glargine and a prandial insulin, clinical studies made public during the 70th annual scientific sessions of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) of 2010, abstract 2163-PO and abstract number 0001-LB, in particular those carried out by the company SANOFI-AVENTIS, showed that treatments which combine Lantus®, insulin glargine and a prandial insulin are much more effective than treatments based on products of the “Premix” type, Novolog Mix® or Humalog Mix®.

As regards the combination of an insulin glargine and a GLP-1 analog, the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) approved, in October 2011, the injection of exenatide (Byetta®, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc and Eli Lilly and Company) as therapy supplementing insulin glargine for patients suffering from type II diabetes who are not able to achieve control of their blood glucose level with the basal insulin analog alone.

It so happens, owing to the fact that the very principle, set out above, of basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, is that they are soluble at acid pH and precipitate at physiological pH, all the solutions proposed for combining them with other products, such as prandial insulins or GLP-1 analogs or derivatives, are based on tests for solubilization of the prandial insulins or GLP-1 analogs or derivatives at acid pH, see, for example, WO2007/121256, WO2009/021955, WO2011/144673, WO2011/147980 or else WO2009/063072.

For example, as regards the combinations of insulin glargine and fast-acting insulin, the company Biodel has described, in particular in patent application U.S. Pat. No. 7,718,609, compositions comprising a basal insulin and a prandial insulin at a pH of between 3.0 and 4.2 in the presence of a chelating agent and of polyacids. This patent teaches how to make a prandial insulin at acid pH compatible in the presence of insulin glargine. It does not teach how to prepare a combination of insulin of insulin glargine type and of a prandial insulin at neutral pH.

Likewise by way of example, as regards the solubilization of insulin glargine at neutral pH and combinations with a GLP-1 analog, mention will be made of patent application WO2011/144676 published on Nov. 24, 2011, in the name of SANOFI-AVENTIS, which describes formulations, at pH 9.5, of insulin glargine with the cyclodextrin SVE4-p-CYD in which the solubility of the insulin glargine is improved from 0.75 mM to 1.25 mM. This application also mentions compositions additionally comprising a GLP-1, although they are not exemplified. The solubilizing effect at pH 7.4 in a phosphate buffer is mentioned. These results of solubilization at pH 7.4 are described in the publication entitled “Effect of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin on bioavailability of insulin glargine and blood glucose level after subcutaneous injection to rats” (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 419 (2011), 71-76) in FIG. 3A. The sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin improves the solubility of the insulin glargine at pH 7.4 from 5 μM to 8 μM, which is of no therapeutic interest, since the commercial concentration of insulin glargine is 600 μM (100 IU/ml). The problem has thus not been satisfactorily solved by the invention described in this patent application.

To our knowledge, a formulation which is stable at physiological pH, comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, alone or in combination with a prandial insulin and/or a gut hormone, in which the solubility of the insulin is sufficient for a therapeutic treatment, has therefore never been described.

The present invention, by solving this problem of solubility at a pH between 6.6 and 7.8, makes it possible:

-   -   to propose an injectable composition, intended for the treatment         of diabetes, comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point         of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, in the form of a homogeneous         solution at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, while at the same time         retaining its biological activity and its slow action profile,     -   to propose an injectable composition in the form of a         homogeneous solution at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, also         comprising a combination of a basal insulin, the isoelectric         point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and of a prandial insulin         without modification of the activity profile of the prandial         insulin which is soluble at pH 6-8 and unstable at acid pH,         while at the same time maintaining the slow action profile         specific to the basal insulin,     -   to propose an injectable composition in the form of a         homogeneous solution at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, also         comprising a combination of a basal insulin, the isoelectric         point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and of a gut hormone         derivative or analog, such as GLP-1 or glucagon like peptide-1,     -   to reduce the number of injections in the context of the         treatment of diabetes,     -   for said compositions to comply with the requirements of the US         and European Pharmacopeias.

Surprisingly, the compositions according to the invention make it possible to solubilize, at a pH between 6.6 and 7.8, a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

Surprisingly, the compositions according to the invention make it possible to maintain the duration of the hypoglycemic activity of the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, despite its solubilization at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 before injection. This notable property comes from the fact that the insulin of insulin glargine type solubilized at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 in the composition of the invention precipitates in subcutaneous medium through a change in composition of the medium. The element which triggers the precipitation of the insulin of insulin glargine type is no longer the pH modification, but a modification of the composition of the environment when the pharmaceutical composition passes from the container to the physiological medium. Surprisingly, in the combinations of insulin of insulin glargine type with a prandial insulin, which are subjects of the invention, the fast action of the prandial insulin is preserved despite the precipitation of the insulin of insulin glargine type in subcutaneous medium.

The solution according to the invention which makes it possible to solubilize the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, preserves its biological activity.

In the combinations of the insulin of insulin glargine type with a prandial insulin which are subjects of the invention, the fast action of the prandial insulin is preserved despite the precipitation of the insulin of insulin glargine type in subcutaneous medium. Furthermore, the presence of the prandial insulin does not modify the solubility of the basal insulin at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 and likewise does not modify the precipitation properties of the basal insulin.

The invention relates to a composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, the pH of which is between 6.0 and 8.0, comprising at least:

-   -   a) a basal insulin, the isoelectric point pI of which is between         5.8 and 8.5;     -   b) a dextran substituted with radicals bearing carboxylate         charges and hydrophobic radicals of formula I or of formula II:

in which,

-   -   R is —OH or chosen from the group consisting of the radicals:     -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n);     -   -g-[B]-k-[D])_(m), D comprising at least one alkyl chain         comprising at least 8 carbon atoms;     -   n represents the degree of substitution of the glucoside units         with -f-[A]-COOH and 0.1≦n≦2;     -   m represents the degree of substitution of the glucoside units         with -g-[β]-k-[D] and 0<m≦0.5;     -   q represents the degree of polymerization of glucoside units,         i.e. the average number of glucoside units per polysaccharide         chain and 3≦q≦50;     -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n);         -   -A- is a linear or branched radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon             atoms; said radical -A-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function f chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester and carbamate             functions;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m);         -   -B- is a linear or branched, at least divalent radical             comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms; said radical -B-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function g chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester and carbamate             functions;         -   being bonded to a radical -D via a function k; k chosen from             the group consisting of ester, amide and carbamate             functions; said radical -D:             -   being a radical —X(−/−Y)_(p), X being an at least                 divalent radical comprising from 1 to 12 atoms chosen                 from the group consisting of C, N or O atoms, optionally                 bearing carboxyl or amine functions and/or derived from                 an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine or from                 a mono- or polyethylene glycol mono- or diamine; Y being                 a linear or cyclic C₈ to C₃₀ alkyl group, a C₈ to C₃₀                 alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with one                 or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups; p≧1 and/a function chosen                 from the group consisting of ester, amide and carbamate                 functions;     -   f, g and k being identical or different;     -   the free acid functions being in the form of salts of alkali         metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺;         -   and when p=1, if Y is a C₈ to C₁₄ alkyl, then q*m≧2, if Y is             a C₁₅ alkyl, then q*m≧2; and if Y is a C₁₆ to C₂₀ alkyl,             then q*m≧1;     -   and when p≧2, if Y is a C₈ to C₉ alkyl, then q*m≧2 and, if Y is         C₁₀ to C₁₆ alkyl, then q*m≧0.2.

in which,

-   -   R is —OH or a radical -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n):         -   -A- is a linear or branched radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon             atoms; said radical -A-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function f chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester or carbamate             functions;         -   n represents the degree of substitution of the glucoside             units with -f-[A]-COON and 0.1≦n≦2;     -   R′ is chosen from the group consisting of the radicals:         -   —C(O)NH-[E]-(o-[F]_(t);         -   —CH₂N(L)_(z)-[E]-(o-[F])_(t);     -   in which,         -   Z is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2,         -   L is chosen from the group consisting of:             -   —H and z is equal to 1, and/or             -   -[A]-COOH and z is equal to 1 or 2, if f is an ether                 function,             -   —CO—[A]-COOH and z is equal to 1, if f is an ester                 function, and             -   —CO—NH-[A]-COOH and z is equal to 1 if f is a carbamate                 function;         -   -[E]-(o-[F])_(t):         -   -E- is a linear or branched, at least divalent radical             comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally comprising             heteroatoms such as O, N or S;         -   —F— being a C₁₂ to C₃₀ linear or cyclic alkyl group or a C₁₂             to C₃₀ alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with             one or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups;         -   o is a function chosen from the group consisting of ether,             ester, amide or carbamate functions;         -   t is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2;     -   q represents the degree of polymerization of glucoside units,         i.e. the average number of glucoside units per polysaccharide         chain and 3 q 50;     -   the free acid functions being in the form of salts of alkali         metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺;     -   when z=2, the nitrogen atom is in the form of a quaternary         ammonium.

In one embodiment, when p=1, if Y is a C₂₁ to C₃₀ group, then q*m≧1.

In one embodiment, when p=1, if Y is a C₂₁ to C₃₀ group, then q*m≧0.1.

In one embodiment, the radical -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that:

-   -   -A- is a radical comprising 1 carbon atom; said radical -A-         being bonded to a glucoside unit via an ether function f.

In one embodiment, the radical -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that:

-   -   -B- is a radical comprising 1 carbon atom; said radical -B-         being bonded to a glucoside unit via an ether function g, and     -   X is a radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the radical -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that:

-   -   -A- is a radical comprising 1 carbon atom; said radical -A-         being bonded to a glucoside unit via an ether function f, and     -   the radical -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that:     -   -B- is a radical comprising 1 carbon atom; said radical -B-         being bonded to a glucoside unit via an ether function g, and     -   X is a radical derived from an amino acid, and     -   k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the dextran substituted with radicals bearing carboxylate charges and hydrophobic radicals is of formula III:

in which,

-   -   R is —OH or chosen from the group consisting of the radicals:         -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n);         -   (g-[B]-k-[D])_(m), D comprising at least one alkyl chain             comprising at least 8 carbon atoms;     -   n represents the degree of substitution of the glucoside units         with -f-[A]-COOH and 0.1≦n≦2;     -   m represents the degree of substitution of the glucoside units         with -g-[B]-k-[D] and 0<m≦0.5;     -   q represents the degree of polymerization of glucoside units,         i.e. the average number of glucoside units per polysaccharide         chain and 3≦q≦50;     -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n):         -   -A- is a linear or branched radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon             atoms; said radical -A-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function f chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester and carbamate             functions;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m):         -   -B- is a linear or branched, at least divalent radical             comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms; said radical -B-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function g chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester and carbamate             functions;         -   being bonded to a radical -D via a function k; k chosen from             the group consisting of ester, amide and carbamate             functions; said radical -D:             -   being a radical —X(−/−Y)_(p), X being an at least                 divalent radical comprising from 1 to 12 atoms chosen                 from the group consisting of C, N or O atoms, optionally                 bearing carboxyl or amine functions and/or derived from                 an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine or from                 a mono- or polyethylene glycol mono- or diamine; Y being                 a linear or cyclic C₈ to C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₈ to C₂₀                 alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with one                 or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups; p≧1 and l a function                 chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide and                 carbamate functions;     -   f, g and k being identical or different;     -   the free acid functions being in the form of salts of alkali         metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺;     -   and when p=1, if Y is a C₈ to C₁₄ alkyl, then q*m≧2, if Y is a         C₁₅ alkyl, then q*m≧2; and if Y is a C₁₆ to C₂₀ alkyl, then         q*m≧1;     -   and when p≧2, if Y is a C₈ to C₁₁ alkyl, then q*m≧2 and, if Y is         C₁₂ to C₁₆ alkyl, then q*m≧0.3.

In one embodiment, the dextran substituted with radicals bearing carboxylate charges and hydrophobic radicals of formula IV:

in which,

-   -   R is —OH or chosen from the group consisting of the radicals:         -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n);         -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m), D comprising at least one alkyl chain             comprising at least 8 carbon atoms;     -   n represents the degree of substitution of the hydroxyl —OH         functions with -f-[A]-COOH per glucoside unit; and 0.1≦n≦2;     -   m represents the degree of substitution of the hydroxyl —OH         functions with -g-[B]-k-[D] per glucoside unit; and 0<m≦0.5;     -   q represents the degree of polymerization of glucoside units,         i.e. the average number of glucoside units per polysaccharide         chain and 3≦q≦50;     -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n);         -   -A- is a linear or branched radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon             atoms; said radical -A-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function f chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester and carbamate             functions;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m);     -   -B- is a linear or branched, at least divalent radical         comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms; said radical -B-:         -   being bonded to a glucoside unit via a function g chosen             from the group consisting of ether, ester and carbamate             functions;         -   being bonded to a radical -D via a function k; k chosen from             the group consisting of ester, amide and carbamate             functions; said radical -D:             -   being a radical —X(−/−Y)_(p), X being an at least                 divalent radical comprising from 1 to 12 atoms chosen                 from the group consisting of C, N or O atoms, optionally                 bearing carboxyl or amine functions and/or derived from                 an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine or from                 a mono- or polyethylene glycol mono- or diamine; Y being                 a linear or cyclic C₈ to C₃₀ alkyl group, a C₈ to C₃₀                 alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with one                 or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups; p≧1 and l a function                 chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide and                 carbamate functions;     -   f, g and k being identical or different;     -   the free acid functions being in the form of salts of alkali         metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺;     -   and when p=1, if Y is a C₈ to C₁₄ alkyl, then q*m≧2, if Y is a         C₁₅ alkyl, then q*m≧2; and if Y is a C₁₆ to C₃₀ alkyl, then         q*m≧1;     -   and when p≧2, if Y is a C₈ to C₉ alkyl, then q*m≧2 and, if Y is         C₁₀ to C₁₆ alkyl, then q*m≧0.2.

The structure drawn corresponds to the representation commonly used to represent dextran, which is a polysaccharide consisting in the majority of (1,6) sequences between glucoside units, which is the representation adopted. Dextran also contains (1,3) sequences generally at approximately 5%, which are intentionally not represented, but which are of course included in the scope of the invention.

In one embodiment, 0.3≦n≦1.7.

In one embodiment, 0.7≦n≦1.5.

In one embodiment, 0.9≦n≦1.2.

In one embodiment, 0.01≦m≦0.5.

In one embodiment, 0.02≦m≦0.4.

In one embodiment, 0.03≦m≦0.3.

In one embodiment, 0.05≦m≦0.2.

In one embodiment, 3≦q≦50.

In one embodiment, 3≦q≦40.

In one embodiment, 3≦q≦30.

In one embodiment, 3≦q≦20.

In one embodiment, 3≦q≦10.

In one embodiment, the radical -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is chosen from the group consisting of the following sequences, f having the meaning given above:

In one embodiment, the radical -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is chosen from the group consisting of the following sequences; g, k and D having the meaning given above:

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

The radicals derived from amino acids can be either levorotatory or dextrorotatory.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from a polyethylene glycol chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diamine and triethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol, chosen from the group consisting of octanol (capryl alcohol), 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol, decanol (decyl alcohol), dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol) and hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol).

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the Y group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from glycine, p=1, the Y group is derived from octanol and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from glycine, p=1, the Y group is derived from dodecanol and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from glycine, p=1, the Y group is derived from hexadecanol and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from phenylalanine, p=1, the Y group is derived from octanol and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from phenylalanine, p=1, the Y group is derived from 3,7-diméthyloctan-1-ol and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from aspartic acid, p=2, the Y groups are derived from octanol and the functions l are ester functions.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from aspartic acid, p=2, the Y groups are derived from decanol and the functions l are ester functions.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from aspartic acid, p=2, the Y groups are derived from dodecanol and the functions l are ester functions.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from ethylenediamine, the Y group is derived from dodecanoic acid and the function l is an amide function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from diethylene glycol amine, p=1, the Y group is derived from dodecanoic acid and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from triethylene glycol diamine, p=1, the Y group is derived from dodecanoic acid and the function l is an amide function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from triethylene glycol diamine, p=1, the Y group is derived from hexadecanoic acid and the function l is an amide function.

In one embodiment, D is such that the radical X is derived from leucine, p=1, the Y group is derived from cholesterol and the function l is an ester function.

In one embodiment, D is such that X is derived from ethylenediamine, p=1, the Y group is derived from cholesterol and the function l is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the radical E is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, serine, threonine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

The radicals derived from amino acids can be either levorotatory or dextrorotatory.

In one embodiment, the radical E is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the radical E is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the radical E is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the radical E is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the radical E is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diamine and triethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the F group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol.

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol) and hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol).

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the F group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the radical E is derived from ethylenediamine, t=1, o is a carbamate function, and the F group is derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from glycine, l is an ester function and Y is derived         from octanol;     -   q=38, n=0.9 and m=0.2.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from glycine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from hexadecanol;     -   q=19, n=1.0 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is an         ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from phenylalanine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from octanol;     -   q=38, n=1.0 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from phenylalanine, p=1 l is an ester function and Y is         derived from octanol;     -   q=19, n=1.0 and m=0.2.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from phenylalanine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol; q=38, n=1.0 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH), is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is an         ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from octanol;     -   q=38, n=1.05 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from decanol;     -   q=38, n=1.05 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is an         ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from dodecanol; q=19, n=1.05 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH), is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is an         ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from ethylenediamine, p=1, l is an amide function and Y         is derived from dodecanoic acid;     -   q=38, n=1.0 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂—CH₂— and f         is an ester function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ester function, B is the         radical —CH₂—CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X         is derived from glycine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from dodecanol;     -   q=38, n=1.3 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is a         carbamate function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is a carbamate function, B is         the radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X         is derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y         are derived from octanol;     -   q=38, n=1.3 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from dodecanol;     -   q=4, n=0.96 and m=0.07.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from diethylene glycol amine, p=1, l is an ester         function and Y is derived from dodecanoic acid;     -   q=38, n=1.0 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from triethylene glycol diamine, p=1, l is an amide         function and Y is derived from dodecanoic acid;     -   q=38, n=1.0 and m=0.1.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from triethylene glycol diamine, p=1, l is an amide         function and Y is derived from hexadecanoic acid;     -   q=38, n=1.05 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH), is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is an         ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from glycine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from hexadecanol;     -   q=19, n=1.05 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from glycine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from hexadecanol;     -   q=38, n=0.37 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19, n=1.61 and m=0.04.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19, n=1.06 and m=0.04.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19, n=0.66 and m=0.04.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19, n=0.46 and m=0.04.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=4, n=1.61 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from ethylenediamine, p=1, l is a carbamate function and         Y is derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19, n=1.61 and m=0.04.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is a         carbamate function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is a carbamate function, B is         the radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X         is derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19, n=1.96 and m=0.04.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -[E]-(o-[F])_(t) is such that E is derived from ethylenediamine,         o is a carbamate function and F is derived from cholesterol;     -   q=19 and n=1.65.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from leucine, p=1, l is an ester function and Y is         derived from cholesterol;     -   q=38, n=0.99 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from dodecanol;     -   q=4, n=1.41 and m=0.16.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from dodecanol;     -   q=4, n=1.50 and m=0.07.

In one embodiment:

-   -   -(f-[A]-COOH)_(n) is such that A is the radical —CH₂— and f is         an ether function;     -   -(g-[B]-k-[D])_(m) is such that g is an ether function, B is the         radical —CH₂—, k is an amide function and D is such that X is         derived from aspartic acid, p=2, l are ester functions and Y are         derived from decanol;     -   q=4, n=1.05 and m=0.05.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise a dextran chosen from the group consisting of the following dextrans of formula I, III or IV:

-   -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with octyl glycinate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cetyl glycinate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with octyl         phenylalaninate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with         3,7-dimethyl-1-octyl phenylalaninate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with dioctyl aspartate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with didecyl aspartate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with         N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide,     -   sodium dextransuccinate modified with lauryl glycinate,     -   N-(sodium methylcarboxylate) dextran carbamate modified with         dioctyl aspartate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with dilauryl         aspartate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with         2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with         2-(2-{2-[dodecanoylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)ethylamine,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with         2-(2-{2-[hexadecanoylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)ethylamine,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl         leucinate,     -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl         1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate,     -   N-(sodium methylcarboxylate) dextran carbamate modified with         cholesteryl leucinate.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise a dextran chosen from the group consisting of the following dextran of formula II:

-   -   sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl         1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate grafted by reductive amination onto         the reducing chain end.

The invention also relates to a composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, the pH of which is between 6.6 and 7.8, comprising at least:

-   -   a) a basal insulin, the isoelectric point pI of which is between         5.8 and 8.5;     -   b) a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formula II-I:

in which,

-   -   l=0 or 1,     -   m=0, 1 or 2,     -   a=0 or 1,     -   n being the degree of polymerization, of between 3 and 1000, and     -   —R₁ is a hydrogen —H,     -   —R₂, —R₃, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′,     -   —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical         -k-[D], in which:         -   -[D] is a radical -[Hy] or -[E]-(o-[Hy])_(t);         -   [E]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1 to 15             carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from             O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or amine functions             and/or -k-[E]-(o)_(t), comprising from 2 to 16 carbon atoms,             is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a             diamine or from an amine alcohol;         -   -[Hy] is a C₈ to C₃₀ linear or cyclic alkyl group or a C₈ to             C₃₀ alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with one             or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups, which is derived from a             hydrophobic compound;         -   k resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl, amine or             alcohol function of the precursor of -k-[E]-(o)_(t) and an             alcohol, carboxyl or amine function of the polymer and is a             function chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide,             carbonate and carbamate functions;     -   o resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl, amine or         alcohol function of the precursor of -k-[E]-(o)_(t) and an         alcohol or acid function of the precursor of -[Hy] is a function         chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide, urea         (carbamide), carbonate and carbamate functions;     -   t is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2;         and/or     -   —R₁ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)— and         —R₂ is a radical —CH₂R′,         and/or     -   —R₂ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring and —R₂-R₃—=—(CH(R′))₃— and         —R₁ is a hydrogen,         and/or     -   —R₄ and —R₆ form a six-membered ring and —R₄-R₆—=—(CH(R′))₂—,         and     -   -R′ is chosen from the group consisting of the radicals:         -   —OH         -   —O-Alk, Alk being a C₁ to C₃ alkyl chain,         -   -(f-[A]-COOH), in which:             -   -[A]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1                 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom                 chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or                 amine functions and/or -f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to                 16 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a                 diacid or from an alcohol acid and is bonded to the                 backbone of the molecule via a function f;             -   f resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or                 alcohol or amine function of the precursor of                 -f-[A]-COOH and a hydroxyl function of the backbone is                 chosen from the group consisting of ether, ester,                 carbamate or carbonate functions;         -   -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p), in which:             -   -[B]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1                 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom                 chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or                 amine functions and/or -g-[B]-(k-)_(p), comprising from                 2 to 16 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid,                 from a diacid, from a dialcohol, from an alcohol acid,                 from a diamine or from an amine alcohol and is bonded to                 the backbone of the molecule via a function g and is                 bonded to at least one radical -[D] via a function k,         -   g resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or alcohol             or amine function of the precursor of -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) and a             function of the backbone is chosen from the group consisting             of ether, amine, ester, carbamate or carbonate functions,         -   k resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or alcohol             or amine function of the precursor of -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) and an             alcohol or acid function of the precursor of -[D] is chosen             from the group consisting of ester, amide or carbamate             functions;         -   p is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2;     -   and -[A]-, -[B]- and -[E]- are identical or different,     -   and k and o are identical or different;     -   and, if -[B]- is a trivalent radical, then -[D] is a radical         -[Hy],     -   and, if m and a=0 then —R₂=—CH₂R′,         and the degree of substitution with carboxylate charges is the         average number of carboxylate charges per monomer divided by         (l+m) and is greater than or equal to 0.4,         and the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals is the         average number of hydrophobic radicals per monomer divided by         (l+m) and is less than or equal to 0.5, and, if the         hydrophobized anionic polymer is a polysaccharide, then the         identical or different glycosidic linkages may be of a type         and/or of β type.

The hydrophobized anionic polymers are chosen from the polymers of formula II-I, in which the asymmetric carbon atoms are of absolute configuration R or S.

They are also chosen from the polymers of which the free acid functions are in the form of salts of alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.

The term “hydrophobized polymer” is intended to mean a polymer bearing a hydrophobic radical or group.

The term “hydrophobic” radical or group is intended to mean a radical or a group derived from a hydrophobic compound.

The term “hydrophobic compound” is intended to mean a compound having a LogP greater than or equal to 2. The LogP or Log Kow or partition coefficient is a measure of the distribution of a compound in an n-octanol immiscible solvent/water mixture. The LogP can be measured according to the shake flask method, or when this is not possible, by the HPLC method (OECD Guideline for the testing of chemicals, 117, 30.03.89, Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): HPLC method and 107, 27.07.95, Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method). Said LogP of a compound been defined by the equation:

log P=log(c _(oct) /c _(water))

in which c_(oct) is the concentration of said compound in the n-octanol and c_(water) is the concentration of said compound in water.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which, when —R₁ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)— and —R₂ is a radical —CH₂R′, then —R₄ and —R₆ do not form a six-membered ring.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which —R₁ and —R₃ do not form a six-membered ring with —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)— and —R₂ is a radical —CH₂R′.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the compounds of formula II-I in which the radical

-f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the compounds of formula II-I in which the radical

-f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the radicals of formula II-II below:

in which:

-   -   i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₇ and —R₈, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -[A]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function f is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function f is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function f is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function f is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function f is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]- is chosen from the radicals of formula II-III below:

in which:

-   -   q is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₉ and —R₁₀, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]-k-[D] is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals:

-   -   g, k and -[D] having the meanings given above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -[B]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function g is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function g is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function g is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function g is an amine function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function g is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function k is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function k is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from an alpha amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a natural alpha amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in their L, D or racemic forms.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a polyethylene glycol chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diamine and triethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function o is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function o is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function o is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function o is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the function o is a carbamide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a branched or unbranched, unsaturated and/or saturated, hydrophobic alcohol comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol chosen from the group consisting of octanol, decanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from DL-α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol or derivatives thereof, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a linear hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of the acids consisting of a branched or unbranched, unsaturated or saturated, alkyl chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of linear fatty acids.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a saturated linear fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of caprylic acid (octanoic acid), nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, arachidic (eicosanoic) acid, behenic (docosanoic) acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric (tetracosanoic) acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and melissic (tricontanoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of myristoleic ((Z)-tetradec-9-enoic) acid, palmitoleic ((Z)-hexadec-9-enoic) acid, oleic ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, elaidic ((E)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, linoleic ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic) acid, alpha-linoleic ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic) acid, arachidonic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-octadeca-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic) acid, eicosapentaenoic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,1,14,17-pentaenoic) acid, erucic (13-docoenoic) acid and docosahexaenoic ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof, chosen from the group consisting of cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 40 kg/mol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 20 kg/mol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 12 kg/mol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer of formula II-I in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′ is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII:

in which,

-   -   l=0 or 1,     -   m=0, 1 or 2,     -   a=0 or 1,     -   n is the degree of polymerization, of between 3 and 1000,

and

-   -   —R₁ is a hydrogen —H,     -   —R₃ is a radical —CH₂R′,     -   —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical         -k-[D],

or

-   -   —R₁ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)—,

and

-   -   -R′, n and -k-[D] being as defined above,         and the degree of substitution with carboxylate charges is the         average number of carboxylate charges per monomer divided by         (1+m) and is greater than or equal to 0.4,         and the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals is the         average number of hydrophobic radicals per monomer divided by         (1+m) and is less than or equal to 0.5.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which l=0 and m=1, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-IV,

in which —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical -k-[D], —R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-IV:

in which —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], —R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-IV:

in which —R₅ is a radical —CH₂R′, —R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which m=0, l=1 and a=0, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V:

-R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which l=1, m=2 and a=0, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-VI:

—R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which m=1, l=1, a=1, —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)—, —R₂=—CH₂R′, —R₄=—CH₂R′, —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], —R₆=—CH₂R′, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-VII:

R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the radicals of formula II-II below:

in which

-   -   i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₇ and —R₈, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the compounds of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the compounds of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.

In one particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII corresponding to the following conditions:

-   -   when g-[B]-(k-[D]) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₈ to C₁₅         alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₁₆ to         C₂₀ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 1,     -   when g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₈ to         C₉ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₁₀         to C₁₆ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution         with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 0.2.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical —[A]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]- is chosen from the radicals of formula II-III below:

in which:

-   -   q is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₉ and —R₁₀, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII, in which the radical -g-[B]-k-[D] is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals; g, k and -[D] having the meanings given above:

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical —[B]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D]), is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is an amine function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function k is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function k is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from an alpha amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a natural alpha amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in their L, D or racemic forms.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a polyethylene glycol chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diamine and triethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a branched or unbranched, unsaturated and/or saturated, hydrophobic alcohol comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol chosen from the group consisting of octanol, decanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from DL-α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol or derivatives thereof, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a linear hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of the acids consisting of a branched or unbranched, unsaturated or saturated, alkyl chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of linear fatty acids.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a saturated linear fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of caprylic acid (octanoic acid), nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, arachidic (eicosanoic) acid, behenic (docosanoic) acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric (tetracosanoic) acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and melissic (tricontanoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of myristoleic ((Z)-tetradec-9-enoic) acid, palmitoleic ((Z)-hexadec-9-enoic) acid, oleic ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, elaidic ((E)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, linoleic ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic) acid, alpha-linoleic ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9, 12,15-trienoic) acid, arachidonic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-octadeca-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic) acid, eicosapentaenoic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic) acid, erucic (13-docoenoic) acid and docosahexaenoic ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof, chosen from the group consisting of cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

According to one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 40 kg/mol.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 20 kg/mol.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 12 kg/mol.

In one particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V corresponding to the following conditions:

-   -   when g-B-(k-D)_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₈ to C₁₅         alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when g-B-(k-D)_(p) comprises a Hy chain and Hy is a C₁₆ to C₂₀         alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 1,     -   when g-B-(k-D)_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₈ to C₉         alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when g-B-(k-D)_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₁₀ to         C₁₆ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 0.2.

According to one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -[A]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function fis an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -g-(B)-k-[D] is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals; g, k and -[D] having the meanings given above:

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -[B]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function g is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from an alpha amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a natural alpha amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in their L, D or racemic forms.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol having a LogP greater than or equal to 2.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a branched or unbranched, unsaturated and/or saturated, hydrophobic alcohol comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol chosen from the group consisting of octanol, decanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from DL-α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol or derivatives thereof, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid having a LogP greater than or equal to 2.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a linear hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of the acids consisting of a branched or unbranched, unsaturated or saturated, alkyl chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of linear fatty acids.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a saturated linear fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of caprylic acid (octanoic acid), nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, arachidic (eicosanoic) acid, behenic (docosanoic) acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric (tetracosanoic) acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and melissic (tricontanoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of myristoleic ((Z)-tetradec-9-enoic) acid, palmitoleic ((Z)-hexadec-9-enoic) acid, oleic ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, elaidic ((E)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, linoleic ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic) acid, alpha-linoleic ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic) acid, arachidonic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-octadeca-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic) acid, eicosapentaenoic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic) acid, erucic (13-docoenoic) acid and docosahexaenoic ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof, chosen from the group consisting of cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from an amino acid, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from a sterol or from a fatty alcohol, in particular:

-   -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from leucine and Hy         being derived from cholesterol,     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from glycine and Hy         being derived from dodecanol,     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from leucine and Hy         being derived from tocopherol, and     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from phenylalanine and         Hy being derived from octanol, and     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from phenylalanine and         Hy being derived from 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-(o-Hy)₂, p=1 and t=2, the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from an amino acid, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from a fatty alcohol, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from aspartic acid and Hy being derived from dodecanol or decanol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from a diamine, o being an amide function and Hy being derived from a fatty acid, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from ethylenediamine and Hy being derived from dodecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -[E]- being derived from a diamine, o being a carbamate function and Hy being derived from a sterol, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from ethylenediamine and Hy being derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from an amino alcohol, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from a fatty alcohol, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol and Hy being derived from dodecanol.

The invention also relates to a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formula II-XII:

in which,

-   -   l=0 or 1,     -   m=0, 1 or 2,     -   a=0 or 1,     -   n is the degree of polymerization, of between 3 and 1000,

and

-   -   —R₁ is a hydrogen —H,     -   —R₃ is a radical —CH₂R′,     -   —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical         -k-[D], in which:         -   -[D] is a radical -[Hy] or -[E]-(o-[Hy])_(t);         -   -[E]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1 to             15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom chosen             from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or amine             functions and/or -k-[E]-(o)_(t), comprising from 2 to 16             carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a             dialcohol, from a diamine or from an amine alcohol;         -   -[Hy] is a C₈ to C₃₀ linear or cyclic alkyl group or a C₈ to             C₃₀ alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with one             or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups, which is derived from a             hydrophobic compound;         -   k resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl, amine or             alcohol function of the precursor of -k-[E]-(o)_(t) and an             alcohol, carboxyl or amine function of the polymer and is a             function chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide,             carbonate and carbamate functions;         -   o resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl, amine or             alcohol function of the precursor of -k-[E]-(o)_(t) and an             alcohol or acid function of the precursor of -[Hy] is a             function chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide,             urea (carbamide), carbonate and carbamate functions;         -   t is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2;

or

-   -   —R₁ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)—,

and

-   -   -R′ is chosen from the group consisting of the radicals:         -   —OH         -   —O-Alk, Alk being a C₁ to C₃ alkyl chain,         -   -(f-[A]-COOH), in which:             -   -[A]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1                 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom                 chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or                 amine functions and/or -f-[A]-COOH is derived from an                 amino acid, from a diacid or from an alcohol acid and is                 bonded to the backbone of the molecule via a function f;             -   f resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or                 alcohol or amine function of the precursor of                 -f-[A]-COOH and a hydroxyl function of the backbone is                 chosen from the group consisting of ether, ester,                 carbamate or carbonate functions;         -   -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p), in which:             -   -[B]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1                 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom                 chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or                 amine functions and/or -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) is derived from                 an amino acid, from a diacid, from a dialcohol, from an                 alcohol acid, from a diamine or from an amine alcohol                 and is bonded to the backbone of the molecule via a                 function g and is bonded to at least one radical -[D]                 via a function k,             -   g resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or                 alcohol or amine function of the precursor of                 -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) and a function of the backbone is chosen                 from the group consisting of ether, amine, ester,                 carbamate or carbonate functions,             -   k resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or                 alcohol or amine function of the precursor of                 -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) and an alcohol or acid function of the                 precursor of -[D] is chosen from the group consisting of                 ester, amide or carbamate functions;             -   p is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2;

and —[A]-, -[B]- and -[E]- are identical or different,

and k and o are identical or different;

and, if -[B]- is a trivalent radical, then -[D] is a radical -[Hy],

and the degree of substitution with carboxylate charges is the average number of carboxylate charges per monomer divided by (1+m) and is greater than or equal to 0.4, and the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals is the average number of hydrophobic radicals per monomer divided by (l+m) and is less than or equal to 0.5, and, if the hydrophobized anionic polymer is a polysaccharide, then the identical or different glycosidic linkages may be of cx type and/or of P type.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which l=0 and m=1, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-IV,

in which —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical -k-[D], —R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-IV:

in which —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], —R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-IV:

in which —R₅ is a radical —CH₂R′, —R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which m=0, l=1 and a=0, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V:

—R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which l=l, m=2 and a=0, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-VI:

—R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XII in which m=1, l=1, a=1, —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)—, —R₂=—CH₂R′, —R₄=—CH₂R′, —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], —R₆=—CH₂R′, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-VII:

R′ and n being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the radicals of formula II-II below:

in which:

-   -   i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₇ and —R₈, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the compounds of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]—COOH, comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the compounds of formula II-I in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.

In one particular embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII corresponding to the following conditions:

-   -   when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₈ to         C₁₅ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₁₆         to C₂₀ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution         with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 1,     -   when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₈         to C₉ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₁₀         to C₁₆ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution         with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 0.2.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -[A]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to VVII and II-XII, in which the function f is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function f is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]- is chosen from the radicals of formula II-III below:

in which:

-   -   q is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and         -   —R₉ and —R₁₀, which may be identical or different, are             chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a             saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to             C₆ alkyl, a benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising             heteroatoms chosen from the group consisting of O, N and/or             S, or functions chosen from the group consisting of             carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII, in which the radical -g-[B]-k-[D] is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals; g, k and -[D] having the meanings given above:

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -[B]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is an amine function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function g is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function k is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function k is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from an alpha amino acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a natural alpha amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in their L, D or racemic forms.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a polyethylene glycol chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diamine and triethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the function o is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol having a LogP greater than or equal to 2.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a branched or unbranched, unsaturated and/or saturated, hydrophobic alcohol comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol chosen from the group consisting of octanol, decanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from DL-α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol or derivatives thereof, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of menthol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid having a LogP greater than or equal to 2.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a linear hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of the acids consisting of a branched or unbranched, unsaturated or saturated, alkyl chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of linear fatty acids.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a saturated linear fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of caprylic acid (octanoic acid), nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, arachidic (eicosanoic) acid, behenic (docosanoic) acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric (tetracosanoic) acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and melissic (tricontanoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of myristoleic ((Z)-tetradec-9-enoic) acid, palmitoleic ((Z)-hexadec-9-enoic) acid, oleic ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, elaidic ((E)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, linoleic ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic) acid, alpha-linoleic ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic) acid, arachidonic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-octadeca-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic) acid, eicosapentaenoic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic) acid, erucic (13-docoenoic) acid and docosahexaenoic ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof, chosen from the group consisting of cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -[E]- being derived from leucine, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from cholesterol.

The precursors of the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, or of formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII can be obtained by means of a process such as that described in Biomacromolecules, 2005, 6, 2659-2670. This process can result in polymers comprising units other than that which is repeated in formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, in particular hemiacetal rings, for example as described in the publication Carbohydrate Research 1978, 64, 189-197.

Thus, according to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymers according to the invention comprise at least 75% of their repeat units in the form of that defined in formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, or in formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymers according to the invention comprise at least 8⁵% of their repeat units in the form of that defined in formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, or in formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymers according to the invention comprise at least 95% of their repeat units in the form of that defined in formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, or in formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymers according to the invention comprise at least 98% of their repeat units in the form of that defined in formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, or in formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymers according to the invention comprise 100% of their repeat units in the form of that defined in formula II-I, in which —R₂, —R₄ and —R₆ are radicals —CH₂R′, or in formulae II-IV to II-VII and II-XII.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 40 kg/mol.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 20 kg/mol.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V having a weight-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 12 kg/mol.

In one particular embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V corresponding to the following conditions:

-   -   when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₈ to         C₁₅ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with         hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,     -   when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₁₆         to C₂₀ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution         with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of         polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 1,

when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₈ to C₉ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2,

when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₁₀ to C₁₆ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 0.2.

According to one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺,

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -[A]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function f is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -g-[B]-k-[D] is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals; g, k and -[D] having the meanings given above:

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -[B]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function g is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from an alpha amino acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -[E]- is an at least divalent radical derived from a natural alpha amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in their L, D or racemic forms.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function o is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function o is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the function o is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol having a LogP greater than or equal to 2.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a branched or unbranched, unsaturated and/or saturated, hydrophobic alcohol comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol chosen from the group consisting of octanol, decanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from DL-α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol or derivatives thereof, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of menthol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid having a LogP greater than or equal to 2.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a linear hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of the acids consisting of a branched or unbranched, unsaturated or saturated, alkyl chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of linear fatty acids.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a saturated linear fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of caprylic acid (octanoic acid), nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, arachidic (eicosanoic) acid, behenic (docosanoic) acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric (tetracosanoic) acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and melissic (tricontanoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of myristoleic ((Z)-tetradec-9-enoic) acid, palmitoleic ((Z)-hexadec-9-enoic) acid, oleic ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, elaidic ((E)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, linoleic ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic) acid, alpha-linoleic ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic) acid, arachidonic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-octadeca-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic) acid, eicosapentaenoic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic) acid, erucic (13-docoenoic) acid and docosahexaenoic ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,103,16,19-hexaenoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof, chosen from the group consisting of cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from an amino acid, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from a sterol or from a fatty alcohol, in particular:

-   -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from leucine and Hy         being derived from cholesterol,     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from glycine and Hy         being derived from dodecanol,     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from leucine and Hy         being derived from tocopherol, and     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from phenylalanine and         Hy being derived from octanol, and     -   the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from phenylalanine and         Hy being derived from 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-(o-Hy)₂, p=1 and t=2, the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from an amino acid, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from a fatty alcohol, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)_(t) being derived from aspartic acid and Hy being derived from dodecanol or decanol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)t being derived from a diamine, o being an amide function and Hy being derived from a fatty acid, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)t being derived from ethylenediamine and Hy being derived from dodecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)t being derived from a diamine, o being a carbamate function and Hy being derived from a sterol, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)t being derived from ethylenediamine and Hy being derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the hydrophobized anionic polymer according to the invention is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-V in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, p and t=1, the radical -k-[E]-(o)t being derived from an amino alcohol, o being an ester function and Hy being derived from a fatty alcohol, in particular the radical -k-[E]-(o)t being derived from 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol and Hy being derived from dodecanol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-I in which —R₄ and —R₆ form a six-membered ring and —R₄-R₆—=—(CH(R′))₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer of formula II-I, in which —R₄ and —R₆ form a six-membered ring and —R₄-R₆—=—(CH(R′))₂—, is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polysaccharides of formula II-XI:

in which,

-   -   l=0 or 1,     -   m=0, 1 or 2,     -   a=0 or 1,     -   n being the degree of polymerization, of between 3 and 1000, and     -   —R₁ is a hydrogen,     -   —R₂ is a radical —CH₂R′,     -   —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical         -k-[D], or     -   —R₂ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring and —R₂-R₃—=—(CH(R′))₃— and         —R₁ is a hydrogen, and     -   -R′, n and -k-[D] being as defined above,         and the degree of substitution with carboxylate charges is the         average number of carboxylate charges per monomer divided by         (l+m) and is greater than or equal to 0,4,         and the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals is the         average number of hydrophobic radicals per monomer divided by         (l+m) and is less than or equal to 0.5.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is a polysaccharide of formula II-XI in which the identical or different six-membered ring(s) is (are) saccharide units chosen from the group consisting of hexoses, uronic acids and N-acetylhexosamines.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the saccharide units are chosen from the group consisting of hexoses in cyclic form.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the saccharide units are chosen from the group consisting of fructose, sorbose, tagatose, psicose, glucose, mannose, galactose, allose, altrose, talose, idose, gulose, fucose, fuculose and rhamnose.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the saccharide units are chosen from the group consisting of uronic acids.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the saccharide units are chosen from the group consisting of glucuronic acid, iduronic acid and galacturonic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the saccharide units are chosen from the group consisting of N-acetylhexosamines.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the saccharide units are chosen from the group consisting of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylmannosamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the polysaccharides of formula II-XI are linked via glycosidic linkages of α and/or β type, which may be identical or different.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polysaccharide of formula II-XI, in which l=0, m=1, and —R₅ is a radical —CH₂R′, in other words it is chosen from celluloses and water-soluble celluloses of formula II-VIII:

-   -   -R′ being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polysaccharide of formula II-XI, in which l=0, m=2, and —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], in other words it is chosen from the alginates of formula II-IX:

-   -   —R′, n and -k-[D] being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polysaccharide of formula III-XI, in which l=1, m=2, a=0, —R₁ is an —H, —R₂ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring and —R₂-R₃—=—(CH(R′))₃—, and —R₅ is a radical —CH₂R′, in other words it is chosen from the pullulans of formula II-X:

-   -   -R′ being as defined above.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the radicals of formula II-II below:

in which:

-   -   i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₇ and —R₈, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -[A]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function f is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function f is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function f is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function f is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function f is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]- is chosen from the radicals of formula II-III below:

in which:

-   -   q is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12,         and     -   —R₉ and —R₁₀, which may be identical or different, are chosen         from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or         unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a         benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen         from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen         from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and         thiol functions.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]-k-[D] is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals; g, k and -[D] having the meanings given above:

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -[B]- is a radical —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])p is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])p is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glycine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])p is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from aspartic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])p is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from glutamic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -g-[B]-(k-[D])p is such that -g-[B]-k- is derived from succinic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function g is an ether function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function g is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function g is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function g is an amine function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function g is a carbonate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function k is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function k is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function k is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from an amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from an alpha amino acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a natural alpha amino acid chosen from the group consisting of glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, in their L, D or racemic forms.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a polyethylene glycol chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol amine chosen from the group consisting of ethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine and triethylene glycol amine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from a mono- or polyethylene glycol diamine chosen from the group consisting of diethylene glycol diamine and triethylene glycol diamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the radical -k-[E]-(o)t is an at least divalent radical derived from ethylenediamine.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function o is an ester function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function o is an amide function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function o is a carbamate function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the function o is a urea (carbamide) function.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a branched or unbranched, unsaturated and/or saturated, hydrophobic alcohol comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic alcohol chosen from the group consisting of octanol, decanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristyl alcohol), hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a sterol, chosen from the group consisting of cholesterol and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from a tocopherol derivative, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from DL-α-tocopherol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is a group derived from menthol or derivatives thereof, chosen from the racemate, the L isomer or the D isomer of menthol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a hydrophobic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a linear hydrophobic acid, chosen from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of the acids consisting of a branched or unbranched, unsaturated or saturated, alkyl chain comprising from 8 to 30 carbons.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of linear fatty acids.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a saturated linear fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of caprylic acid (octanoic acid), nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, arachidic (eicosanoic) acid, behenic (docosanoic) acid, tricosanoic acid, lignoceric (tetracosanoic) acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and melissic (tricontanoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from an unsaturated fatty acid chosen from the group consisting of myristoleic ((Z)-tetradec-9-enoic) acid, palmitoleic ((Z)-hexadec-9-enoic) acid, oleic ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, elaidic ((E)-octadec-9-enoic) acid, linoleic ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic) acid, alpha-linoleic ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic) acid, arachidonic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-octadeca-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic) acid, eicosapentaenoic ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic) acid, erucic (13-docoenoic) acid and docosahexaenoic ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic) acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-VIII to II-XI, in which the -[Hy] group is an alkyl group derived from a bile acid and derivatives thereof, chosen from the group consisting of cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-XI in which —R5 is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], in which -[D] is a radical -[E]-o-[Hy], k being an amide function, the radical -[E]- being derivas clameded from leucine, o being an ester function and -[Hy] being derived from cholesterol.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula II-X in which —R′ is either an —OH group, or a radical -f-[A]-COOH, or a radical -g-[B]-k-[D], f being an ether function, the radical -[A]- being a radical —CH₂—, g being an ether function, the radical -[B]- being a radical —CH₂—, k being an amide function, -[D] being a radical -[E]-o-Hy, the radical -[E]-being derived from ethylenediamine, o being an amide function, p and t=1 and -[Hy] being derived from lauric acid.

The expression “basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5” is intended to mean an insulin which is insoluble at pH 7 and the duration of action of which is between 8 and 24 hours or more in the standard diabetes models.

These basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, are recombinant insulins of which the primary structure has been modified mainly by introducing basic amino acids such as arginine or lysine. They are described, for example, in the following patents, patent applications or publications WO 2003/053339, WO 2004/096854, U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,722 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,100,376, the content of which is incorporated by way of reference.

In one embodiment, the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, is insulin glargine.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise between 40 and 500 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise between 100 and 350 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 40 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 100 IU/ml (i.e. approximately 3.6 mg/ml) of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 200 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 300 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 400 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 500 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the hydrophobized anionic polymer, that is to say the hydrophobized anionic polymer/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 0.2 and 30.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.2 and 15.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.2 and 10.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.2 and 4.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.2 and 3.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.2 and 2.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.2 and 1.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is equal to 1.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 0.5 and 3.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio is between 1 and 3.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the substituted dextran, i.e. the substituted dextran/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 0.2 and 5.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the substituted dextran, i.e. the substituted dextran/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 0.2 and 4.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the substituted dextran, i.e. the substituted dextran/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 0.2 and 3.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the substituted dextran, i.e. the substituted dextran/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 0.5 and 3.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the substituted dextran, i.e. the substituted dextran/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 0.8 and 3.

In one embodiment, the weight ratio between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the substituted dextran, i.e. the substituted dextran/basal insulin weight ratio, is between 1 and 3.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 100 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 80 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 60 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 40 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 20 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 10 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 5 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise a prandial insulin. The prandial insulins are soluble at pH 7.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 100 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 80 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 60 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 50 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 30 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 20 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of substituted dextran is between 1 and 10 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of polysaccharide is between 5 and 20 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of polysaccharide is between 5 and 10 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise a prandial insulin. The prandial insulins are soluble at pH 7.

The term “prandial insulin” is intended to mean an insulin termed fast-acting or “regular”.

The prandial insulins termed fast-acting insulins are insulins which must respond to the needs caused by the ingestion of proteins and carbohydrates during a meal; they must act in less than 30 minutes.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin termed “regular” is human insulin.

In one embodiment, the insulin is a recombinant human insulin as described in the European Pharmacopeia and the US Pharmacopeia.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulins termed “regular” are chosen from the group comprising Humulin® (human insulin) and Novolin® (human insulin).

Human insulin is, for example, sold under the brand names Humulin® (Eli Lilly) and Novolin® (Novo Nordisk).

The prandial insulins termed fast-acting are insulins which are obtained by recombination and the primary structure of which has been modified so as to reduce their action time.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulins termed fast-acting are chosen from the group comprising insulin lispro (Humalog®), insulin glulisine (Apidra®) and insulin aspart (NovoLog®).

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is insulin lispro.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is insulin glulisine.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is insulin aspart.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total between 40 and 800 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total between 40 and 500 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 800 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 700 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 600 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 500 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 400 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 300 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 200 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 100 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise in total 40 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

The proportions between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the prandial insulin are, for example, as a percentage, 25/75, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 75/25, 80/20, 90/10 for formulations as described above comprising from 40 to 800 IU/ml. However, any other proportion can be used.

For a formulation at 100 IU/ml of total insulin, the proportions between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the prandial insulin are, for example, in IU/ml, 25/75, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 80/20 or 90/10. However, any other proportion can be used.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise a gut hormone.

The term “gut hormones” is intended to mean the hormones chosen from the group consisting of GLP-1 (Glucagon like peptide-1) and GIP (Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide), oxyntomodulin (a proglucagon derivative), peptide YY, amylin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), ghrelin and enterostatin, analogs or derivatives thereof and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the gut hormones are GLP-1 analogs or derivatives chosen from the group consisting of exenatide or Byetta®, developed by ELI LILLY & CO and AMYLIN PHARMACEUTICALS, liraglutide or Victoza® developed by NOVO NORDISK, or lixisenatide or Lyxumia® developed by SANOFI-AVENTIS, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the gut hormone is exenatide or Byetta®, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the gut hormone is liraglutide or Victoza®, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the gut hormone is lixisenatide or Lyxumia®, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The term “analog”, when it is used with reference to a peptide or a protein, is intended to mean a peptide or protein in which one or more constituent amino acid residues have been substituted with other amino acid residues and/or in which one or more constituent amino acid residues have been deleted and/or in which one or more constituent amino acid residues have been added. The percentage homology accepted for the present definition of an analog is 50%.

The term “derivative”, when it is used with reference to a peptide or a protein, is intended to mean a peptide or a protein or an analog chemically modified with a substituent which is not present in the reference peptide, protein or analog, i.e. a peptide or a protein which has been modified by creating covalent bonds, so as to introduce substituents.

In one embodiment, the substituent is chosen from the group consisting of fatty chains.

In one embodiment, the concentration of GLP-1 or of GLP-1 analog or derivative is included in a range of from 0.01 to 10 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of exenatide, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is included in a range of from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of liraglutide, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is included in a range of from 1 to 10 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the concentration of lixisenatide, analogs or derivatives thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is included in a range of from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention are prepared by mixing commercial solutions of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and commercial solutions of GLP-1 or of GLP-1 analog or derivative in volume ratios included in a range of from 10/90 to 90/10.

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises a daily dose of basal insulin and a daily dose of GLP-1 or of GLP-1 analog or derivative.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 500 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of exenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 500 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 1 to 10 mg/ml of liraglutide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 500 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of lixisenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 100 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of exenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 100 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 1 to 10 mg/ml of liraglutide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 100 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of lixisenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 40 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of exenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 40 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 1 to 10 mg/ml of liraglutide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 40 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of lixisenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 200 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of exenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 200 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 1 to 10 mg/ml of liraglutide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise 200 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml of lixisenatide.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 0 and 5000 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 50 and 4000 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 0 and 4000 μM, In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 0 and 3000 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 200 and 3000 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 0 and 2000 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 0 and 1000 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 50 and 600 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 20 and 600 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 50 and 500 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 100 and 500 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise zinc salts at a concentration of between 200 and 500 μM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise buffers.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise buffers at concentrations of between 0 and 100 mM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise buffers at concentrations of between 15 and 50 mM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise buffers chosen from the group comprising Tris, citrates and phosphates, at concentrations of between 0 and 100 mM, preferably between 0 and 50 mM or between 15 and 50 mM,

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise a buffer chosen from the group consisting of a phosphate buffer, Tris (trishydroxymethylaminomethane) or sodium citrate.

In one embodiment, the buffer is sodium phosphate.

In one embodiment, the buffer is Tris (trishydroxymethylaminomethane).

In one embodiment, the buffer is sodium citrate.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise preserving agents.

In one embodiment, the preserving agents are chosen from the group consisting of m-cresol and phenol, alone or as a mixture.

In one embodiment, the concentration of preserving agents is between 10 and 50 mM.

In one embodiment, the concentration of preserving agents is between 10 and 40 mM.

In one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention also comprise a surfactant.

In one embodiment, the surfactant is chosen from the group consisting of propylene glycol and polysorbate.

The compositions according to the invention may also comprise additives, such as tonicity agents.

In one embodiment, the tonicity agents are chosen from the group consisting of glycerol, sodium chloride, mannitol and glycine.

The compositions according to the invention may also comprise any excipients in accordance with the Pharmacopeias and which are compatible with the insulins used at the working concentrations.

The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical formulation according to the invention, which is obtained by drying and/or lyophilization.

In the case of local and systemic release, the envisioned modes of administration are intravenous, subcutaneous, intradermal or intramuscular.

Transdermal, oral, nasal, vaginal, ocular, buccal and pulmonary administration routes are also envisioned.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and a prandial insulin.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and a gut hormone, as previously defined.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a prandial insulin and a gut hormone, as previously defined.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 7 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 7 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and a prandial insulin.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 7 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and a gut hormone, as previously defined.

The invention also relates to single-dose formulations at a pH of between 7 and 7.8 comprising a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a prandial insulin and a gut hormone, as previously defined.

In one embodiment, the single-dose formulations also comprise a hydrophobized anionic polymer, as previously defined.

In one embodiment, the formulations are in the form of an injectable solution.

In one embodiment, the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, is insulin glargine.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is human insulin.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is chosen from the group comprising Humulin® (human insulin) and Novolin® (human insulin).

In one embodiment, the insulin is a recombinant human insulin as described in the European Pharmacopeia and the US Pharmacopeia.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is chosen from the group comprising insulin lispro (Humalog®), insulin glulisine (Apidra®) and insulin aspart (NovoLog®).

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is insulin lispro.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is insulin glulisine.

In one embodiment, the prandial insulin is insulin aspart.

In one embodiment, the GLP-1 or GLP-1 analog or derivative is chosen from the group comprising exenatide (Byetta®), liraglutide (Victoza®) and lixisenatide (Lyxumia®), or a derivative thereof.

In one embodiment, the gut hormone is exenatide.

In one embodiment, the gut hormone is liraglutide.

In one embodiment, the gut hormone is lixisenatide.

The solubilization, at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, of the basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, by the polysaccharides of formula I, II, III or IV, can be simply observed and controlled, with the naked eye, through a change in appearance of the solution.

The solubilization, at a pH of between 7 and 7.8, of the basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, by the polysaccharides of formula I, II, III or IV, can be simply observed and controlled, with the naked eye, through a change in appearance of the solution.

Moreover and just as importantly, the applicant has been able to verify that a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, solubilized in the presence of a polysaccharide of formula I, II, III or IV, has lost nothing of its slow insulin action.

The preparation of a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be carried out by simply mixing an aqueous solution of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a solution of prandial insulin, and a polysaccharide of formula I, II, III or IV, in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form. If necessary, the pH of the preparation is adjusted to pH 7.

The preparation of a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be carried out by simply mixing an aqueous solution of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a polysaccharide of formula I, II, III or IV in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form, and a prandial insulin in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form.

The solubilization, at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, of the basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, by the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, can be simply observed and controlled, with the naked eye, through a change in appearance of the solution.

The solubilization, at a pH of between 7 and 7.8, of the basal insulins, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, by the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, can be simply observed and controlled, with the naked eye, through a change in appearance of the solution.

Moreover and just as importantly, the applicant has been able to verify that a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, solubilized at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, in the presence of a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, retains a slow insulin action, whether alone or in combination with a prandial insulin or a gut hormone.

The applicant has also been able to verify that a prandial insulin mixed at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8 in the presence of a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, and of a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, retains a fast insulin action.

The preparation of a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be carried out by simply mixing an aqueous solution of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form. If necessary, the pH of the preparation is adjusted to pH 7.

The preparation of a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be carried out by simply mixing an aqueous solution of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a solution of prandial insulin, and a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form. If necessary, the pH of the preparation is adjusted to pH 7.

The preparation of a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be carried out by simply mixing an aqueous solution of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a solution of GLP-1 or a GLP-1 analog or derivative, and a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form. If necessary, the pH of the preparation is adjusted to pH 7.

The preparation of a composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be carried out by simply mixing an aqueous solution of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, a solution of prandial insulin, a solution of GLP-1 or a GLP-1 analog or derivative, and a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formulae II-I and II-IV to II-XII, in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form. If necessary, the pH of the preparation is adjusted to pH 7.

In one embodiment, the mixture of basal insulin and hydrophobized anionic polymer aqueous or in lyophilized form.

In one embodiment, the mixture of basal insulin and polysaccharide is concentrated by ultrafiltration before mixing with the prandial insulin in aqueous solution or in lyophilized form.

If necessary, the composition of the mixture is adjusted in terms of excipients such as glycerol, m-cresol, zinc chloride and tween by addition of concentrated solutions of these excipients to the mixture. If necessary, the pH of the preparation is adjusted to 7.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGS. 1 to 6 show the results obtained in the form of glucose pharmacodynamics curves. The y-axis represents the D-glucose (expressed in mM) as a function of the time post-injection (expressed in minutes).

FIG. 1: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Apidra® and Lantus® (□) in comparison with a Polysaccharide 4/Lantus®/Apidra® (75/25) composition according to the invention (▪).

FIG. 2: Individual Apidra® Lantus® curves (tested on 6 pigs).

FIG. 3: Individual Polysaccharide 4/Apidra®/Lantus® curves (tested on 6 pigs).

FIG. 4: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® and Lantus® (□) in comparison with the administration of a Polysaccharide 4/Humalog®/Lantus® composition according to the invention (▪).

FIG. 5: Individual Humalog® Lantus® curves (tested on 6 pigs).

FIG. 6: Individual Polysaccharide 4/Humalog®/Lantus® curves (tested on 5 pigs).

FIGS. 7 to 12 show the results obtained in the form of glucose pharmacodynamics curves. The y-axis represents the D-glucose (expressed in mM) as a function of the time post-injection (expressed in hours).

FIG. 7: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) (

) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B28 (0.53 IU/kg) (

).

FIG. 8: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) (

) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B27 (0.47 IU/kg) (

).

FIG. 9: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) (

) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B29 (0.53 IU/kg) (

).

FIG. 10: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) (

) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B31 (0.48 IU/kg) (

).

FIG. 11: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.24 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) (

) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B30 (0.64 IU/kg) (

).

FIG. 12: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) (

) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B32 (0.53 IU/kg) (

).

Figure II-1: Curves of means of blood glucose level+/−standard deviation of the mean for the simultaneous administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.075 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.225 IU/kg) in comparison with the administration of a formulation according to the invention described in example B57 (400 IU/ml, 0.3 IU/kg).

EXAMPLES I. Dextrans Substituted with Radicals Bearing Carboxylate Charges and Hydrophobic Radicals, and Corresponding Formulations

Part A Polysaccharides

Table 1 below presents, without implied limitation, examples of polysaccharides that can be used in the compositions according to the invention.

TABLE 1 SUBSTITUENTS -f-A-COONa POLYSACCHARIDES -g-B-k-D USUAL NAME Polysaccharide 1 q: 38 n: 0.9 m: 0.2

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with octyl glycinate Polysaccharide 2 q: 19 n: 1.0 m: 0.1 Polysaccharide 16 q: 19 n: 1.05 m: 0.05 Polysaccharide 17 q: 38 n: 0.37 m: 0.05

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cetyl glycinate Polysaccharide 3 q: 38 n: 1.0 m: 0.1 Polysaccharide 4 q: 19 n: 1.0 m: 0.2

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with octyl phenylalaninate Polysaccharide 5 q: 38 n: 1.0 m: 0.1

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with 3,7-dimethyl-1- octyl phenylalaninate Polysaccharide 6 q: 38 n: 1.05 m: 0.05

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with dioctyl aspartate Polysaccharide 7 q: 38 n: 1.05 m: 0.05 Polysaccharide 29 q: 4 n: 1.05 m: 0.05

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with didecyl aspartate Polysaccharide 8 q: 19 n: 1.05 m: 0.05 Polysaccharide 27 q: 4 n: 1.41 m: 0.16 Polysaccharide 28 q: 4 n: 1.50 m: 0.07

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with dilauryl aspartate Polysaccharide 9 q: 38 n: 1.0 m: 0.1

[000734] Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with N-(2 aminoethyl)dodecanamide Polysaccharide 10 q: 38 n: 1.3 m: 0.1

Sodium dextransuccinate modified with lauryl glycinate Polysaccharide 11 q: 38 n: 1.3 m: 0.1

N-(sodium methylcarboxylate) dextran carbamate modified with dioctyl aspartate Polysaccharide 12 q: 4 n: 0.96 m: 0.07

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with dilauryl aspartate Polysaccharide 13 q: 38 n: 1.0 m: 0.1

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with 2-(2- aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate Polysaccharide 14 q: 38 n: 1.0 m: 0.1

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with 2-(2-{2- [dodecanoylamino]ethoxy} ethoxy)ethylamine Polysaccharide 15 q: 38 n: 1.05 m: 0.05

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with 2-(2-{2- [hexadecanoylamino]ethoxy}- ethoxy)ethylamine Polysaccharide 18 q: 19 n: 1.61 m: 0.04 Polysaccharide 19 q: 19 n: 1.06 m: 0.04 Polysaccharide 20 q: 19 n: 0.66 m : 0.04 Polysaccharide 21 q: 19 n: 0.46 m: 0.04 Polysaccharide 22 q : 4 n: 1.61 m: 0.04 Polysaccharide 26 q: 38 n: 0.99 m: 0.05

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl leucinate Polysaccharide 23 q: 19 n: 1.61 m: 0.04

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl 1- ethylenediaminecarboxylate Polysaccharide 24 q: 19 n: 1.96 m: 0.04

N-(sodium methylcarboxylate) dextran carbamate modified with cholesteryl leucinate SUBSTITUENTS -f-A-COONa POLYSACCHARIDES -[E]-o-[F] USUAL NAME Polysaccharide 25 q: 19 n: 1.65

Sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl 1- ethylenediaminecarboxylate grafted by reductive amination onto the reducing chain end

Example A1 Preparation of Polysaccharide 1

g (i.e. 296 mmol of hydroxyls) of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos) are dissolved in water at 420 g/l. 30 ml of 10 N NaOH (296 mmol) are added to this solution. The mixture is brought to 35° C., then 46 g (396 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate are added. The temperature of the reaction medium is brought to 60° C. at 0.5° C./min and then maintained at 60° C. for 100 minutes. The reaction medium is diluted with 200 ml of water, neutralized with acetic acid and purified by ultrafiltration on a 5 kDa PES membrane against 6 volumes of water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=31.5 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit is 1.1.

The sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate solution is passed over a Purolite resin (anionic) to obtain dextranmethylcarboxylic acid, which is then lyophilized for 18 hours.

Octyl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

10 g of dextranmethylcarboxylic acid (44.86 mmol methylcarboxylic acid) are dissolved in DMF at 60 g/l and then cooled to 0° C. 3.23 g of octyl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt (8.97 mmol), are suspended in DMF at 100 g/l. 0.91 g (8.97 mmol) of triethylamine is then added to this suspension. Once the polysaccharide solution is at 0° C., a solution of NMM (5.24 g, 51.8 mmol) in DMF (530 g/l) and 5.62 g (51.8 mmol) of EtOCOCl are then added. After reaction for 10 min, the octyl glycinate suspension is added. The medium is then maintained at 10° C. for 45 minutes. The medium is then heated to 30° C. A solution of imidazole (10.38 g in 17 ml of water) and 52 ml of water are added to the reaction medium. The polysaccharide solution is ultrafiltered on a 10 kDa PES membrane against 15 volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution and 5 volumes of water. The concentration of the polysaccharide solution is determined by dry extract. A fraction of solution is lyophilized and analyzed by 1H NMR in D2O to determine the degree of substitution of the methylcarboxylates with octyl glycinate per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 1]=36.4 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=0.9

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.2.

Example A2 Preparation of Polysaccharide 2

Cetyl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), modified with cetyl glycinate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 2]=15.1 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A3 Preparation of Polysaccharide 3

Octyl phenylalaninate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with octyl phenylalaninate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 3]=27.4 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.0

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A4 Preparation of Polysaccharide 4

Via a process similar to that described in example A3, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), modified with octyl phenylalaninate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 4]=21.8 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.0

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.2.

Example A5

Preparation of Polysaccharide 5

3,7-Dimethyl-1-octyl phenylalaninate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with 3,7-dimethyl-1-octyl phenylalaninate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 5]=24.3 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.0

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A6 Preparation of Polysaccharide 6

Dioctyl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with dioctyl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 6]=22.2 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A7 Preparation of Polysaccharide 7

Didecyl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with didecyl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 7]=19.8 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A8 Preparation of Polysaccharide 8

Dilauryl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), modified with dilauryl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 8]=22.8 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A9 Preparation of Polysaccharide 9

N-(2-Aminoethyl)dodecanamide is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,201 from the methyl ester of dodecanoic acid (Sigma) and ethylenediamine (Roth).

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 9]=23.8 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.0

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A10 Preparation of Polysaccharide 10

Sodium dextransuccinate is obtained from a dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos) according to the method described in the article by Sanchez-Chaves et al., 1998 (Manuel et al., Polymer 1998, 39 (13), 2751-2757). According to the ¹H NMR in D₂O/NaOD, the average number of succinate groups per glucoside unit is 1.4.

Lauryl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextransuccinate modified with lauryl glycinate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 10]=16.1 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.3

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A11 Preparation of Polysaccharide 11

Dioctyl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

12 g (i.e. 0.22 mol of hydroxyls) of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos) are dissolved in a DMF/DMSO mixture. The mixture is brought to 80° C. with stirring. 3.32 g (0.03 mol) of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and then 14.35 g (0.11 mol) of ethyl isocyanatoacetate are gradually introduced. After reaction for 5 h, the medium is diluted with water and purified by diafiltration on a 5 kD PES membrane against 0.1 N NaOH, 0.9% NaCl and water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of N-methylcarboxylate carbamate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=30.5 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of N-methylcarboxylate carbamate units per glucoside unit is 1.4.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, an N-(sodium methylcarboxylate) dextran carbamate modified with dioctyl aspartate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 11]=17.8 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.3

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A12 Preparation of Polysaccharide 12

Dilauryl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 1 kg/mol (q=4, Pharmacosmos), modified with dilauryl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 12]=12.3 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=0.96

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.07.

Example A13 Preparation of Polysaccharide 13

2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 13]=25.6 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.0

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A14 Preparation of Polysaccharide 14

2-(2-{2-[Dodecanoylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)ethylamine is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,201 from the methyl ester of dodecanoic acid (Sigma) and triethylene glycol diamine (Huntsman).

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with 2-(2-{2-[dodecanoylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)ethylamine, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 14]=24.9 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.0

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.1.

Example A15 Preparation of Polysaccharide 15

2-(2-{2-[Hexadecanoylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)ethylamine is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,201 from the methyl ester of palmitic acid (Sigma) and triethylene glycol diamine (Huntsman).

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with 2-(2-{2-[hexadecanoylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)ethylamine, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 15]=22.2 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A16 Preparation of Polysaccharide 16

Cetyl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), modified with cetyl glycinate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 16]=23 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A17 Preparation of Polysaccharide 17

10 g (i.e. 185 mmol of hydroxyls) of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos) are dissolved in water at 420 g/l. 19 ml of 10 N NaOH (185 mmol) are added to this solution. The mixture is brought to 35° C., then 8.6 g (74 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate are added. The temperature of the reaction medium is brought to 60° C. at 0.5° C./min and then maintained at 60° C. for 100 minutes. The reaction medium is diluted with 200 ml of water, neutralized with acetic acid and purified by ultrafiltration on a 5 kDa PES membrane against 6 volumes of water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=35.1 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit is 0.42.

The sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate solution is passed over a Purolite resin (anionic) to obtain dextranmethylcarboxylic acid, which is then lyophilized for 18 hours.

Cetyl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cetyl glycinate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 17]=18 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=0.37

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A18 Preparation of Polysaccharide 18

10 g of sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate characterized by a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylate of 1.10 per glucoside unit are synthesized from a dextran having a weight-average molar mass of 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), according to a process similar to that described for Polysaccharide 1, and then lyophilized.

8 g (i.e. 64 mmol of hydroxyls) of sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate characterized by a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylate of 1.05 per glucoside unit are dissolved in water at 1000 g/l. 6 ml of 10 N NaOH (64 mmol) are added. The mixture is heated to 35° C. and 7.6 g (65 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate are added. The mixture is gradually brought to a temperature of 60° C., and maintained at this temperature for a further 100 minutes. The mixture is diluted with water, neutralized with acetic acid and then purified by ultrafiltration on a 5 kDa PES membrane against water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=45.8 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit is 1.65.

The sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate solution is passed over a Purolite resin (anionic) to obtain dextranmethylcarboxylic acid, which is then lyophilized for 18 hours.

Cholesteryl leucinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl leucinate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 18]=21 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.61

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A19 Preparation of Polysaccharide 19

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), modified with cholesteryl leucinate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 19]=19.4 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.06

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A20 Preparation of Polysaccharide 20

16 g (i.e. 296 mmol of hydroxyls) of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos) are dissolved in water at 420 g/l. 30 ml of 10 N NaOH (296 mmol) are added to this solution. The mixture is brought to 35° C., then 26 g (222 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate are added. The temperature of the reaction medium is gradually brought to 60° C. and then maintained at 60° C. for 100 minutes. The reaction medium is diluted with water, neutralized with acetic acid and purified by ultrafiltration on a 5 kDa PES membrane against water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=33.1 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit is 0.70.

The sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate solution is passed over a Purolite resin (anionic) to obtain dextranmethylcarboxylic acid, which is then lyophilized for 18 hours.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl leucinate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 20]=18.9 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=0.66

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A21 Preparation of Polysaccharide 21

16 g (i.e. 296 mmol of hydroxyls) of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos) are dissolved in water at 420 g/l. 30 ml of 10 N NaOH (296 mmol) are added to this solution. The mixture is brought to 35° C., then 18 g (158 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate are added. The temperature of the reaction medium is gradually brought to 60° C. and then maintained at 60° C. for 100 minutes. The reaction medium is diluted with water, neutralized with acetic acid and purified by ultrafiltration on a 1 kDa PES membrane against water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=52.6 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of methylcarboxylate units per glucoside unit is 0.50.

The sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate solution is passed over a Purolite resin (anionic) to obtain dextranmethylcarboxylic acid, which is then lyophilized for 18 hours.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl leucinate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 21]=18.9 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=0.46

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A22 Preparation of Polysaccharide 22

Via a process similar to that described in example A18, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A18 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 1 kg/mol (q=4, Pharmacosmos), modified with cholesteryl leucinate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 22]=20.2 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.61

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A23 Preparation of Polysaccharide 23

Cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate hydrochloride is obtained according to the process described in patent (Akiyoshi, K et al. WO 2010/053140).

Via a process similar to that described in example A18, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A18 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos), modified with cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 23]=20.1 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.61

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A24 Preparation of Polysaccharide 24

12 g (i.e. 0.22 mol of hydroxyls) of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos) are dissolved in a DMF/DMSO mixture. The mixture is brought to 80° C. with stirring. 3.32 g (0.03 mol) of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and then 26.8 g (0.21 mol) of ethyl isocyanatoacetate are gradually introduced. After reaction for 5 h, the medium is diluted with water and purified by diafiltration on a 5 kD PES membrane against 0.1 N NaOH, 0.9% NaCl and water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polysaccharide concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the average number of N-methylcarboxylate carbamate units per glucoside unit.

According to the dry extract: [polysaccharide]=30.1 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the average number of N-methylcarboxylate carbamate units per glucoside unit is 2.0.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, an N-(sodium methylcarboxylate) dextran carbamate modified with cholesteryl leucinate is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 24]=17.9 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.96

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.04.

Example A25 Preparation of Polysaccharide 25

Cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate hydrochloride is obtained according to the process described in patent (Akiyoshi, K et al. WO 2010/053140). 10 g of dextran having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 5 kg/mol (q=19, Pharmacosmos, 3.2 mmol of chain ends) are dissolved in DMSO at 80° C. 4.8 g of cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate hydrochloride (9.5 mmol), 0.96 g of triethylamine (9.5 mmol) and 2.0 g of sodium cyanoborohydride (32 mmol) are added to the reaction medium which is stirred at 80° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, the mixture is precipitated from dichloromethane and then from acetone, and dried under vacuum. According to the ¹H NMR, a dextran modified at the chain end with cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate is obtained. A sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate characterized by a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylate of 1.65 per glucoside unit and modified at the chain end with cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate was synthesized via a process similar to that described in example A18 using the dextran modified at the chain end with cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 25]=13.7 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.65

According to the ¹H NMR: each polymer chain bears a cholesteryl 1-ethylenediaminecarboxylate group grafted onto the reducing chain end.

Example A26 Preparation of Polysaccharide 26

Cholesteryl leucinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 10 kg/mol (q=38, Pharmacosmos), modified with cholesteryl leucinate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 26]=26.6 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=0.99

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Example A27 Preparation of Polysaccharide 27

Dilauryl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A18 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 1 kg/mol (q=4, Pharmacosmos), modified with dilauryl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 27]=16.7 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.41

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.16.

Example A28 Preparation of Polysaccharide 28

Dilauryl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A18 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 1 kg/mol (q=4, Pharmacosmos), modified with dilauryl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 28]=25 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.50

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.07.

Example A29 Preparation of Polysaccharide 29

Didecyl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818.

Via a process similar to that described in example A1, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate, synthesized according to the process described in example A1 using a dextran with a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 1 kg/mol (q=4, Pharmacosmos), modified with didecyl aspartate, is obtained.

According to the dry extract: [Polysaccharide 29]=15 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: n=1.05

According to the ¹H NMR: m=0.05.

Examples Part B Demonstration of the Properties of the Compositions According to the Invention Example B1 100 IU/ml Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Novolog®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin aspart sold by the company Novo Nordisk under the name Novolog® in the USA and Novorapid® in Europe. This product is a fast-acting insulin analog.

Example B2 100 IU/ml Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Humalog®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin lispro sold by the company Eli Lilly under the name Humalog®. This product is a fast-acting insulin analog.

Example B3 100 IU/ml Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Apidra®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin glulisine sold by the company Sanofi-Aventis under the name Apidra®. This product is a fast-acting insulin analog.

Example B4 100 IU/ml Solution of Slow-Acting Insulin Analog (Lantus®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin glargine sold by the company Sanofi-Aventis under the name Lantus®. This product is a slow-acting insulin analog.

Example B5 100 IU/ml Solution of Human Insulin (ActRapid®)

This solution is a commercial solution from Novo Nordisk sold under the name ActRapid®. This product is a human insulin.

Example B6 Solubilization of Lantus® at 100 IU/ml and at pH 7 Using a Substituted Dextran

20 mg of Polysaccharide 4 described in example A4 are accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with 2 ml of Lantus® in its commercial formulation. A temporary precipitate appears, but the solution becomes clear after approximately 30 minutes. The pH of this solution is 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and is then placed at +4° C.

Example B7 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/Apidra® 75/25 Composition at pH 7

0.25 ml of Apidra® (in its commercial formulation) is added to 0.75 ml of the Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6, so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Apidra® under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example B8 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/Humalog® 75/25 Composition at pH 7

0.25 ml of Humalog® (in its commercial formulation) is added to 0.75 ml of the Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6, so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Humalog® under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example B9 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/Novolog® 75/25 Composition at pH 7

0.25 ml of Novolog® (in its commercial formulation) is added to 0.75 ml of the Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6, so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Novolog® under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example B10 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/ActRapid® 75/25 Composition at pH 7

0.25 ml of ActRapid® (in its commercial formulation) is added to 0.75 ml of the Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6, so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of ActRapid® under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example B11 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/Apidra® 60/40 Composition at pH 7

0.4 ml of Apidra® (in its commercial formulation) is added to 0.6 ml of the Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6, so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Apidra® under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example B12 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/Apidra® 40/60 Composition at pH 7

0.6 ml of Apidra® (in its commercial formulation) is added to 0.4 ml of the Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6, so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Apidra® under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example 813 Precipitation of Lantus®

1 ml of Lantus® is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears, which is in good agreement with the mechanism via which Lantus® functions (precipitation upon injection due to the increase in pH).

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. It results from this that 86% of Lantus® is found in a precipitated form.

Example B14 Precipitation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus® Composition

1 ml of Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® solution prepared in example B6 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. It results from this that 85% of Lantus® is found in a precipitated form. This percentage precipitation of Lantus® is identical to that obtained for the control described in example 813.

Solubilization and precipitation tests identical to those described in examples B6 and B14 were carried out with other substituted dextrans at the same concentration of 10 mg/ml of polysaccharide for 100 IU/ml of Lantus®. 20 mg of polysaccharide in lyophilizate form are accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with 2 ml of Lantus® in its commercial formulation. A temporary precipitate appears, but the solution becomes clear after approximately 30 minutes to a few hours (depending on the nature of the polysaccharide). The pH of this solution is 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and is then placed at +4° C. The results are summarized in table 2.

TABLE 2 Polysaccharide Solubilization Precipitation % No. of Lantus ® of Lantus ® precipitation 2 Yes Yes 85 1 Yes Yes Not measured 4 Yes Yes 87 3 Yes Yes Not measured 5 Yes Yes 94 6 Yes Yes Not measured 7 Yes Yes Not measured 8 Yes Yes Not measured 9 Yes Yes 94 10 Yes Yes Not measured 15 Yes Yes Not measured 14 Yes Yes Not measured 13 Yes Yes Not measured 12 Yes Yes Not measured 11 Yes Yes Not measured 16 Yes Yes Not measured 17 Yes Yes Not measured 18 Yes Yes Not measured 19 Yes Yes Not measured 20 Yes Yes Not measured 21 Yes Yes Not measured 22 Yes Yes Not measured 23 Yes Yes Not measured 24 Yes Yes Not measured 25 Yes Yes Not measured 26 Yes Yes Not measured

Example B15 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus®/Apidra® 75/25 Composition at pH 7

1 ml of the substituted dextran/Lantus®/Apidra® 75/25 composition (containing 7.5 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 75 IU/ml of Lantus® and 25 IU/ml of Apidra®) prepared in example B7 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. The Lantus® precipitation percentages are similar to the control described in example B13.

Example B16 Precipitation of Various Compositions while Varying the Nature of the Substituted Dextran

Other tests under the same conditions as those of example B15 were carried out in the presence of other substituted dextrans.

The results are grouped together in table 3 below and it is observed that the solubilization and the precipitation of Lantus® are preserved.

TABLE 3 Polysaccharide Solubilization Lantus ®/ Percentage precipitation No. Apidra ® 75/25 of Lantus ® 2 Yes 85 1 Yes Not measured 4 Yes 87 3 Yes Not measured 5 Yes 86 6 Yes Not measured 7 Yes Not measured 8 Yes Not measured 9 Yes 86 10 Yes 85 15 Yes 87 14 Yes 86 13 Yes 88 12 Yes 91 18 Yes Not measured 19 Yes Not measured 20 Yes Not measured 21 Yes Not measured 22 Yes Not measured 23 Yes Not measured 24 Yes Not measured 25 Yes Not measured 26 Yes Not measured

Example B17 Precipitation of Various Compositions while Varying the Nature of the Prandial Insulin

Compositions are prepared by mixing 0.75 ml of the solution of Polysaccharide 4/Lantus® prepared in example B6 with 0.25 ml of a prandial insulin so as to form 1 ml of substituted dextran/Lantus®/prandial insulin composition (containing 7.5 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 75 IU/ml of Lantus® and 25 IU/ml of prandial insulin).

This composition is added to 2 ml of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant, Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. In the presence of the 4 prandial insulins tested, Lantus® is at least 90% precipitated. This percentage precipitation of Lantus® is similar to the control described in example B13; the results are grouped together in table 4.

TABLE 4 Solubilization of Percentage Nature of the Lantus ®/prandial precipitation of prandial insulin insulin 75/25 Lantus ® Apidra ® Yes 88 Novolog ® Yes 92 Humalog ® Yes 89 ActRapid  ® Yes 90

Example B18 Preparation of a Concentrated Solution of Slow-Acting Insulin Analog (Glargine)

A commercial solution of insulin glargine sold by the company Sanofi-Aventis under the name Lantus® is concentrated by ultrafiltration on a 3 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane (Amicon® Ultra-15 sold by the company Millipore). At the end of this ultrafiltration step, the insulin glargine concentration is assayed in the retentate by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The final concentration of insulin glargine is then adjusted by adding a commercial solution of glargine at 100 IU/ml, so as to obtain the desired final concentration. This process makes it possible to obtain concentrated solutions of glargine denoted C_(giargine) at various concentrations greater than 100 IU/ml, such that C_(giargine)=200, 250, 300 and 333 IU/ml. The concentrated solutions are filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then stored at +4° C.

Example B19 Dialysis of a Commercial Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Lispro)

A commercial solution of insulin lispro sold by the company Eli Lilly under the name Humalog® is dialyzed by ultrafiltration on a 3 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane (Amicon® Ultra-15 sold by the company Millipore). The dialysis is carried out in a 1 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7. At the end of this dialysis step, the concentration C_(Humalog dialyzed) of lispro in the retentate is determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The dialyzed solution is stored in a freezer at −80° C.

Example B20 Lyophilization of a Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Lispro) in its Commercial Form

A volume V_(Humalog) of a solution of fast-acting insulin lispro at a concentration of 100 IU/ml in its commercial form is placed in a Lyogard® tray sterilized beforehand in an autoclave. The Lyogard® tray is placed in a freezer at −80° C. for approximately 1 h before undergoing lyophilization overnight at a temperature of 20° C. and a pressure of 0.31 mbar.

The resulting sterile lyophilizate is stored at ambient temperature.

Example B21 Lyophilization of a Commercial Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Lispro) which has been Dialyzed

A volume V_(Humalog dialyzed) of a solution of fast-acting insulin lispro obtained according to example B19 at a concentration of C_(Humalog dialyzed) is placed in a Lyogard® tray sterilized beforehand in an autoclave. The Lyogard® tray is placed in a freezer at −80° C. for approximately 1 h before undergoing lyophilization overnight at a temperature of 20° C. and a pressure of 0.31 mbar.

The resulting sterile lyophilizate is stored at ambient temperature.

Example B22 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine Composition at pH 7 Using a Substituted Dextran, According to a Process Using Glargine in Liquid Form (in Solution) and a Polysaccharide in Solid Form (Lyophilized)

A weight w_(polys), of Polysaccharide 18 is accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with a volume V_(glargine) of a concentrated solution of glargine prepared according to example 818 so as to obtain a composition having a polysaccharide concentration C_(polys). (mg/ml)=W_(polys.)/V_(glargine) and a glargine concentration C_(gargine) (IU/ml). The solution is opalescent. The pH of this solution is approximately 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH and then the solution is placed statically in an incubator at 37° C. for approximately 1 hour. A volume V_(polys./glargine) of this visually clear solution is placed at +4° C.

Example 823 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine Composition at pH 7 Using a Substituted Dextran, According to a Process Using Glargine in Liquid Form (in Solution) and a Polysaccharide in Liquid Form (in Solution)

Concentrated solutions of m-cresol, glycerol and Tween 20 are added to a stock solution of Polysaccharide 20 at pH 7 having a concentration C_(polys. stock), so as to obtain a solution of polysaccharide of concentration C_(polys. stock/excipients) (mg/ml) in the presence of these excipients at contents equivalent to those described in the commercial solution Lantus® in a 10 ml bottle.

In a sterile pot, a volume V_(Lantus) of a commercial solution of slow-acting insulin glargine sold under the name Lantus® at a concentration of 100 IU/ml is added to a volume V_(polys. stock/excipients) of a solution of polysaccharide at the concentration C_(polys. stock/excipients) (mg/ml). A cloudiness appears. The pH is adjusted to pH 7 by adding 1M NaOH and the solution is placed statically in an incubator at 37° C. for approximately 1 hour. This visually clear solution is placed at +4° C.

Example B24 Preparation of a Concentrated Polysaccharide/Glargine Composition at pH=7 Using a Substituted Dextran, According to a Process for Concentrating a Dilute Composition

A dilute Polysaccharide 20/glargine composition at pH 7 described in example B23 is concentrated by ultrafiltration on a 3 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane (Amicon® Ultra-15 sold by the company Millipore). At the end of this ultrafiltration step, the retentate is clear and the concentration of insulin glargine in the composition is assayed by reverse-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC). If necessary, the insulin glargine concentration in the composition is then adjusted to the desired value by dilution in a solution of excipients m-cresol/glycerol/Tween 20 having, for each entity, a concentration equivalent to that described in the commercial solution Lantus® (in a 10 ml bottle). This solution at pH 7, which is visually clear, and which has a glargine concentration C_(glargine) (IU/ml) and a polysaccharide concentration C_(polys), (mg/ml), is placed at +4° C.

Example B25 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7, From a Fast-Acting Insulin Lispro in its Commercial Form

A volume V_(polysach./glargine) of solution of polysaccharide/glargine pH 7 having a glargine concentration C_(glargine) (IU/ml) and a Polysaccharide 18 concentration C_(poly.) (mg/ml) prepared according to example B22 is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of a volume V_(lispro), the preparation of which is described in example B19, such that the ratio V_(polysach./glargine)/V_(lispro)=100/C_(lispro) where C_(lispro) is the concentration of lispro (IU/ml) targeted in the composition The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration C_(zinc) (μM) by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Example B26 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7, From a Fast-Acting Insulin Lispro Obtained by Dialysis of a Commercial Solution

A volume V_(polysach./glargine) of solution of polysaccharide/glargine pH 7 having a glargine concentration C_(glargine) (IU/ml) and a Polysaccharide 20 concentration C_(polys.) (mg/ml) prepared according to example B24 is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of a volume V_(Humalog dialyzed), the preparation of which is described in example B21, such that the ratio V_(polysach./glargine)/V_(Humalog dialyzed)=C_(Humalog dialyzed)/C_(lispro) where C_(Humalog dialyzed) is the concentration of lispro (IU/ml) obtained at the end of the dialysis of the commercial solution, which step is described in example B19, and C_(lispro) is the concentration of lispro (IU/ml) targeted in the composition. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration C_(zinc) (μM) by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Example B27 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7 having a Glargine Concentration of 200 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 33 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 85/15)

A concentrated solution of glargine at 200 IU/ml is prepared according to example B18. A Polysaccharide 18 (13 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 18 and according to the method of preparation described in example B22, This Polysaccharide 18/glargine 200 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog in its commercial form, according to the method of preparation described in example B25. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=750 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl. This composition is described in table 5.

Example B28 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having a Glargine Concentration of 200 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 66 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 75/25)

A concentrated solution of glargine at 200 IU/ml is prepared according to example B18. A Polysaccharide 18 (13 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 18 and according to the method of preparation described in example B22. This Polysaccharide 18/glargine 200 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog in its commercial form, according to the method of preparation described in example B25. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=1500 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl. The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

This composition is described in table 5.

Example B29 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Concentration at pH 7 Having a Glargine Concentration of 300 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 100 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 75/25)

A concentrated solution of glargine at 300 IU/ml is prepared according to example B18. A Polysaccharide 18 (23 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 18 and according to the method of preparation described in example B22. This Polysaccharide 18/glargine 300 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog in its commercial form, according to the method of preparation described in example B25. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=2000 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl. The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

This composition is described in table 5.

Example B30 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having a Glargine Concentration of 250 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 150 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 63/37)

A concentrated solution of glargine at 300 IU/ml is prepared according to example 818. A Polysaccharide 18 (19 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 18 and according to the method of preparation described in example B22. This Polysaccharide 18/glargine 250 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog in its commercial form, according to the method of preparation described in example B25. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=1500 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl. The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

This composition is described in table 5.

Example B31 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having a Glargine Concentration of 333 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 67 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 83/17)

A concentrated solution of glargine at 333 IU/ml is prepared according to example 818. A Polysaccharide 18 (20 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 18 and according to the method of preparation described in example B22. This Polysaccharide 18/glargine 333 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog in its commercial form, according to the method of preparation described in example B25. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=2000 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl. The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

This composition is described in table 5.

Example B32 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having a Glargine Concentration of 300 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 100 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 75/25)

A concentrated solution of glargine at 300 IU/ml is prepared according to example 818. A Polysaccharide 19 (23 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 19 and according to the method of preparation described in example B22. This Polysaccharide 19/glargine 300 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog in its dialyzed form, according to the method of preparation described in example B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=3000 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl. The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

This composition is described in table 5.

Example B33 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having a Glargine Cocentration of 300 IU/ml and a Lispro Concentration of 100 IU/ml (Proportion as Percentage of Insulin: Glargine/Lispro 75/25)

A Polysaccharide 20 (23 mg/ml)/glargine 300 IU/ml composition at pH 7 is prepared from Polysaccharide 20 and according to the method of preparation described in example 8B23. This Polysaccharide 20/glargine 300 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog derived from the dialysis of a commercial solution, according to the preparation method described in example B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the concentration C_(zinc) (μM)=1500 μM by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

This composition is described in table 5.

TABLE 5 Substituted dextran/glargine/lispro compositions at pH 7 Polysac- C_(glargine)/ Example charide C_(polysach.) C_(glargine) C_(lispro) C_(lispro) No. No. (mg/ml) (IU/ml) (IU/ml) (%/%) pH B27 18 13 200 33 85/15 7 B28 18 13 200 66 75/25 7 B29 18 23 300 100 75/25 7 B30 18 19 250 150 63/37 7 B31 18 20 333 67 83/17 7 B32 19 23 300 100 75/25 7 B33 20 23 300 100 75/25 7

Example B34 Precipitation of Various Substituted Dextran/Glargine/Lispro Compositions at pH 7 Having Various Concentrations of Insulins Glargine and Lispro and Various Relative Proportions of the 2 Insulins

1 ml of substituted dextran/Lantus®/Humalog® composition prepared in example B27 to B33 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. The Lantus® precipitation percentages are similar to the control described in example B13. The results are summarized in table 6.

TABLE 6 Solubilization Polysac- of glargine Example charide C_(polysach.) C_(glargine) C_(lispro) C_(glargine)/C_(lispro) and lispro Glargine % No. No. (mg/ml) (IU/ml) (IU/ml) (%/%) at pH 7 precipitation Precipitation B27 18 13 200 33 85/15 YES YES 96 B28 18 13 200 66 75/25 YES YES 86 B29 18 23 300 100 75/25 YES YES 91 B30 18 19 250 150 63/37 YES YES 90 B31 18 20 333 67 83/17 YES YES 93 B32 19 23 300 100 75/25 YES YES 98 B33 20 23 300 100 75/25 YES YES Not measured

Example B35 Chemical Stability of the Compositions

The substituted dextran/Lantus®/prandial insulin compositions described in examples B7, B27, B28 and B29 and also the corresponding controls are placed at 30° C. for 4 weeks. Regulations require 95% of (non-degraded) native insulin after 4 weeks at 30° C.

After 4 weeks, the formulations studied meet the specifications defined by the regulations. The results are collated in table 7.

TABLE 7 Percentage of Percentage of native native glargine prandial insulin after 4 Compositions after 4 weeks at 30° C. weeks at 30° C. Lantus ® (commercial 97 na formulation) Apidra ®(commercial na 95 formulation) Humalog ®(commercial na 98 formulation) B7 96 98 B27 97 99 B28 95 97 B29 98 100

Whatever the formulation studied, a percentage of native insulin greater than 95% is thus obtained, which is in accordance with the regulatory requirements.

Example B36 Injectability of the Solutions

All the compositions prepared can be injected with the usual insulin injection systems. The solutions described in examples B7 to B12 and also the compositions described in examples B27 to B33 are injected without any difficulty, both with insulin syringes fitted with 31 gauge needles, and with insulin pens from Novo Nordisk sold under the name Novopen®, fitted with 31 gauge needles.

Example B37 Protocol for Measuring the Pharmacodynamics of the Insulin Solutions Preclinical Studies were Carried Out on Pigs with a View to Evaluating Two Compositions According to the Invention

Lantus®/Apidra® (75/25), formulated with Polysaccharide 4 (6 mg/ml) described in example B7, and

Lantus®/Humalog® (75/25), formulated with Polysaccharide 4 (6 mg/ml) described in example B8.

The hypoglycemic effects of these compositions were compared to injections carried out with simultaneous but separate injections of Lantus® (pH 4) and then of an Apidra® or Humalog® prandial insulin.

Six domestic pigs weighing approximately 50 kg, previously catheterized at the level of the jugular, are deprived of food for 2 to 3 hours before the beginning of the experiment. In the hour preceding the injection of insulin, three blood samples are taken in order to determine the basal level of glucose.

The injection of insulin at a dose of 0.4 IU/kg is carried out by subcutaneous injection in the neck, under the animal's ear, using the Novopen® insulin pen fitted with a 31 gauge needle.

Blood samples were then taken after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 660 and 720 minutes. After taking each sample, the catheter is rinsed with a dilute heparin solution.

A drop of blood is taken to determine the blood glucose level by means of a glucometer. The glucose pharmacodynamics curves are then plotted.

The results obtained are presented in the form of glucose pharmacodynamics curves represented in FIGS. 1 to 6.

Lantus®/Apidra® (75/25), formulated with Polysaccharide 4 (6 mg/ml).

FIG. 1: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Apidra® and Lantus® in comparison with a Polysaccharide 4/Lantus®/Apidra® (75/25) composition according to the invention

FIG. 2: Individual Apidra® Lantus® curves

FIG. 3: Individual Polysaccharide 4/Apidra®/Lantus® curves

FIG. 1 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the pigs tested for each formulation. The drop in blood glucose level in the first 30 minutes is similar for the two formulations, indicating that the presence of a polysaccharide does not disrupt the fast-acting nature of Apidra®.

On the other hand, between 90 min and 10 h (600 minutes), the sequential administration of Apidra® and Lantus® induces a heterogeneous glucose drop with a homogeneous plateau response in three pigs and a heterogeneous response in the other three pigs (FIG. 2). Conversely, the 6 pigs tested with the Polysaccharide 4/Apidra®/Lantus® formulation have a homogeneous response (FIG. 3). This is reflected by the analysis of the coefficients of variation (CV) between 60 min and 10 h which are on average 54% (between 21% and 113%) for the Apidra® Lantus® control and 12% (between 5% and 25%) for Polysaccharide 4/Apidra®/Lantus®.

Lantus®/Humalog® (75/25), formulated with Polysaccharide 4 (6 mg/ml).

FIG. 4: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® and Lantus® in comparison with the administration of a Polysaccharide 4/Humalog®/Lantus® composition according to the invention

FIG. 5: Individual Humalog® Lantus® curves

FIG. 6: Individual Polysaccharide 4/Humalog®/Lantus® curves

FIG. 4 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the pigs tested for each formulation. The drop in blood glucose level in the first 30 minutes is similar for the two formulations, indicating that the presence of Polysaccharide 4 does not disrupt the fast-acting nature of Humalog®. On the other hand, between 60 min and 8 h (480 minutes), the sequential administration of Humalog® and Lantus® induces a heterogeneous glucose drop with a homogeneous plateau response in four pigs and a heterogeneous response in the other two pigs (FIG. 5). Conversely, the 5 pigs tested with the Polysaccharide 4/Humalog®/Lantus® formulation have a homogeneous response (FIG. 6). This is reflected by the analysis of the coefficients of variation (CV) on the data regarding drop in blood glucose level between 60 min and 8 h which are on average 54% (between 31% and 72%) for the Humalog® Lantus® control and 15% (between 6% and 28%) for Polysaccharide 4/Humalog®/Lantus®. The presence of Polysaccharide 4 therefore greatly reduces the variability of Lantus® on the drop in blood glucose level.

Example B38 Protocol for Measuring the Pharmacodynamics of the Insulin Solutions Preclinical Studies were Carried Out on Dogs with a View to Evaluating 6 Compositions According to the Invention

The hypoglycemic effects of these compositions were compared to injections carried out with simultaneous but separate injections of Lantus® at 100 IU/ml (pH 4) and then of a Humalog® prandial insulin at 100 IU/ml.

10 domestic dogs (Beagles) weighing approximately 12 kg are deprived of food for 18 hours before the beginning of the experiment. In the hour preceding the injection of insulin, three blood samples are taken in order to determine the basal level of glucose.

The injection of insulin at a dose of 0.53 IU/kg (unless otherwise mentioned in the examples below) is carried out by subcutaneous injection in the animal's neck, using the Novopen® insulin pen fitted with a 31 G needle.

Blood samples were then taken after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540, 600, 660, 720, 780, 840, 900 and 960 minutes. The first samples are taken via a catheter (up to 180 min), and then directly from the jugular. After taking each sample, the catheter is rinsed with a dilute heparin solution.

A drop of blood is taken to determine the blood glucose level by means of a glucometer. The glucose pharmacodynamics curves are then plotted.

The results obtained are presented in the form of glucose pharmacodynamics curves represented in FIGS. 7 to 12.

The solution of example B28.

FIG. 7: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B28 (0.53 IU/kg).

FIG. 7 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the dogs tested for each formulation. The two curves are similar up to 12 hours with a rapid drop in blood glucose level indicating that the polysaccharide does not influence the rapid effect of Humalog®, a marked return between the peak due to Humalog® and the plateau due to glargine and then a glargine plateau up to 12 h indicating that the basal effect of glargine is indeed preserved.

The solution of example B27.

FIG. 8: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B27 (0.47 IU/kg).

FIG. 8 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the dogs tested for each formulation. In this comparison, the dose of basal insulin (Lantus®) is identical, whereas the dose of Humalog® is two times lower for the combination, compared with the control. The drop in glucose is greater in the case of formulation B27 compared with the control, even though this control contains twice as much Humalog®. On the other hand, the duration of the plateau is shorter in the case of the combination compared with the control. This indicates that, in this composition, part of the Lantus® is not precipitated upon injection and acts with Humalog®.

The solution of example B29.

FIG. 9: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B29 (0.53 IU/kg).

FIG. 9 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the dogs tested for each formulation. The two curves are similar with a rapid drop in blood glucose level indicating that the polysaccharide does not influence the rapid effect of Humalog®, a marked return between the peak due to Humalog® and the plateau due to Lantus® and then a Lantus® plateau up to 13 h indicating that the basal effect of glargine is indeed preserved.

The solution of example B31.

FIG. 10: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B31 (0.48 IU/kg).

FIG. 10 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the dogs tested for each formulation. In this comparison, the dose of basal insulin (Lantus®) is identical, whereas the dose of Humalog® is two times lower for the combination, compared with the control. The drop in glucose is greater in the case of the control compared with the combination corresponding to example B31. This response was expected given the two times lower concentration of Humalog® in the combination compared with the control. Moreover, the duration of the Lantus® plateau is identical in the case of the combination compared with the control. This indicates that, in this composition, and by comparison with the composition described in example B29 (FIG. 9), it is possible to modulate the amount of Humalog® in the combination without modifying the basal effect of Lantus®.

The solution of example B30.

FIG. 11: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.24 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B30 (0.64 IU/kg).

FIG. 11 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the dogs tested for each formulation. The two curves are similar with a rapid drop in blood glucose level indicating that the polysaccharide does not influence the rapid effect of Humalog®, a marked return between the peak due to Humalog® and the plateau due to Lantus® and then a Lantus® plateau up to 10 h indicating that the basal effect of glargine is indeed preserved.

The solution of example B32.

FIG. 12: Curves of mean+standard deviation of the mean for the sequential administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.13 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.4 IU/kg) in comparison with a composition according to the invention described in example B32 (0.53 IU/kg).

FIG. 12 shows the curves of means of drop in blood glucose level and also the standard deviations of the mean for the dogs tested for each formulation. The two curves are similar up to 10 hours with a rapid drop in blood glucose level indicating that the polysaccharide does not influence the rapid effect of Humalog®, a marked return between the peak due to Humalog® and the plateau due to Lantus® and then a glargine plateau indicating that the basal effect of glargine is preserved up to 10 h.

In conclusion, FIGS. 7 to 12 show that, by modulating the composition of the polysaccharide, the lispro and glargine concentrations, it is possible to obtain profiles identical to a double injection with different proportions of fast-acting insulin and of basal insulin. It is also possible to modulate the duration of the basal insulin without affecting the fast-acting insulin, or to modulate the amount of fast-acting insulin without affecting the effect of the basal insulin.

EXAMPLES Part C: Demonstration of the Properties of the Compositions Comprising a GLP-1 Analog or Derivative According to the Invention Example C1 Solution of GLP-1 Analog Exenatide (Byetta®) at 0.25 mg/ml

This solution is a solution of exenatide sold by the company Eli Lilly and Company under the name Byetta®.

Example C2 Solution of GLP-1 Derivative Liraglutide (Victoza®) at 6 mg/ml

This solution is a solution of liraglutide sold by the company Novo Nordisk under the name Victoza®.

Example C3 Solubilization of Lantus® at 100 IU/ml and at pH 7 Using a Substituted Dextran at the Concentration of 10 mg/ml

20 mg of a substituted dextran chosen from those described in table 1 are accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with 2 ml of the insulin glargine solution of example B4 in order to obtain a solution of which the polysaccharide concentration is equal to 10 mg/ml. After mechanical stirring on rollers at ambient temperature, the solution becomes clear. The pH of this solution is 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. This clear solution is filtered through a membrane (0.22 μm) and is then placed at +4° C.

Generalization: Clear solutions of Lantus® at 100 IU/ml and at pH 7 were also obtained with substituted dextran concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/ml according to the same protocol as that described in example C3. Thus, a weight of lyophilized polysaccharide among those described in table 1 is accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with the insulin glargine solution of example B4 so as to obtain a solution of which the substituted dextran concentration is 20 or 40 mg/ml as described in table 8. After mechanical stirring on rollers at ambient temperature, the solution becomes clear. The pH of this solution is below 7. The pH is then adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. This clear final solution is filtered through a

TABLE 8 Preparation of a solution of Lantus ® at 100 IU/ml and at pH 7 using a substituted dextran at a concentration of 10, 20 or 40 mg/ml Final concentration of Weight of Volume of the insulin glargine substituted dextran substituted dextran solution of example B4 added (mg/ml) weighed out (mg) (ml) 10 20 2 20 40 2 40 80 2

Example C4 Preparation of a Lantus®/Byetta® 70/30 Composition at pH 7.5

0.09 ml of the solution of exenatide of example C1 is added to 0.21 ml of the solution of insulin glargine of example B4, so as to obtain 0.3 ml of a composition of which the pH is 4.5 on mixing. The composition containing 70 IU/ml of Lantus® and 0.075 mg/ml of Byetta® is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Byetta® under these formulation conditions (pH 4.5). The pH is then adjusted to 7.5 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The composition then becomes cloudy, attesting to the poor solubility of the Lantus®/Byetta® composition at pH 7.5.

Lantus®/Byetta® 70/30 compositions were also prepared at pH 4.5-5.5-6.5-8.5 and 9.5 according to a protocol similar to that described in example C4. For each of these compositions, 0.09 ml of the solution of exenatide of example C1 is added to 0.21 ml of the solution of insulin glargine of example B4, so as to obtain 0.3 ml of a composition of which the pH is 4.5 on mixing. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Byetta® under these formulation conditions (pH 4.5). The pH is adjusted to 5.5 or 6.5 or 8.5 or 9.5 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. After adjustment of the pH, the composition at 5.5 is slightly cloudy, the compositions at 6.5-7.5 and 8.5 are very cloudy and the composition at pH 9.5 is clear. These compositions are placed at +4° C. for 48 h. After 48 h at +4° C., only the composition at pH 4.5 remains clear. The visual appearance after 48 h of the Lantus®/Byetta® 70/30 compositions at various pHs is summarized in table 9.

TABLE 9 Visual appearance after 48 h of the Lantus ®/Byetta ® 70/30 compositions at various pHs Lantus ®/Byetta ® 70/30 compositions at various pHs pH Visual appearance at t = 48 h 4.5 Clear 5.5 Presence of a precipitate 6.5 Presence of a precipitate 7.5 Presence of a precipitate 8.5 Presence of a precipitate 9.5 Presence of a precipitate

Example C5 Preparation of a Lantus®/Victoza® 70/30 Composition at pH 7.5

0.09 ml of the solution of liraglutide of example C2 is added to 0.21 ml of the solution of insulin glargine of example B4, so as to obtain 0.3 ml of a composition of which the pH is 7 on mixing. The composition containing 70 IU/ml of glargine and 1.8 mg/ml of exenatide is cloudy, attesting to the poor solubility of the Lantus®/Victoza® composition under these formulation conditions. The pH is adjusted to 7.5 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. After adjustment of the pH, the composition remains cloudy. This composition is placed at +4° C. for 48 h.

Lantus®/Victoza® 70/30 compositions were also prepared at pH 4.5-5.5-6.5-8.5 and 9.5 according to a protocol similar to that described in example C5. For each of these compositions, 0.09 ml of the solution of liraglutide of example C1 is added to 0.21 ml of the solution of insulin glargine of example B4, so as to obtain 0.3 ml of a composition of which the pH is 7. The composition is cloudy, attesting to the poor solubility of the Lantus®/Victoza® composition under these formulation conditions (pH 7). The pH is adjusted to 4.5 or 5.5 or 6.5 with a 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution or to pH 9.5 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. After adjustment of the pH, the compositions at pH 4.5-5.5 and 6.5 are cloudy, attesting to the poor solubility of the Lantus®/Victoza® composition under these formulation conditions. These compositions are placed at +4° C. for 48 h. After 48 h at 4° C., only the composition at pH 9.5 is clear. The visual appearance after 48 h of the Lantus®/Victoza® 70/30 compositions at various pHs is summarized in table 10.

TABLE 10 Visual appearance after 48 h of the Lantus ®/Victoza ® 70/30 compositions at various pHs Lantus ®/Victoza ® 70/30 compositions at various pHs pH Visual appearance at t = 48 h 4.5 Presence of a precipitate 5.5 Presence of a precipitate 6.5 Presence of a precipitate 7.5 Presence of a precipitate 8.5 Presence of a precipitate 9.5 Clear

Example C6 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Byetta® 70/30 Composition at pH 7

0.09 ml of the solution of exenatide of example C1 is added to 0.21 ml of the solution of substituted dextran/Lantus® prepared in example C3, so as to obtain 0.3 ml of a composition at pH 5.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The composition containing 7 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 70 IU/ml of Lantus® and 0.075 mg/ml of Byetta® is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Byetta® in the presence of the substituted dextran at pH 7. This clear solution is placed at +4° C.

Generalization: Substituted dextran-Lantus®/Byetta® compositions at pH 7 were also prepared at V_(Lantus)/V_(Byetta) volume ratios of 90/10, 50/50, 30/70 and 10/90 according to the same protocol as that described in example C6. Thus, one volume V_(Byetta) of the solution of exenatide of example C1 is added to one volume V_(Lantus) of the solution of substituted dextran/Lantus® prepared in example C3, so as to obtain a composition of which the pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The compositions obtained (see table 11) are clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Byetta® in the presence of a substituted dextran at pH 7. These clear solutions are placed at +4° C.

Example C7 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Byetta® 100/50 Composition at pH 7

0.150 ml of the solution of exenatide of example C1 are lyophilized, and then 0.3 ml of a solution of substituted dextran/Lantus® prepared in example C3 is added to the lyophilizate in order to obtain a composition of which the pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The composition containing 10 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 100 IU/ml of Lantus® and 0.125 mg/ml of Byetta® is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Byetta® in the presence of the substituted dextran at pH 7. This clear solution is placed at +4° C.

TABLE 11 Final Lantus ®, substituted dextran and Byetta ® concentrations of the compositions obtained in examples C6 and C7 Lantus ® [Polysaccharide No.] Byetta ® IU/ml mg/ml (mg/ml) (mg/ml) 100/50  100 3.5 10 0.125 90/10 90 3.15 9 0.025 70/30 70 2.45 7 0.075 50/50 50 1.75 5 0.125 30/70 30 1.05 3 0.175

Example C8 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Victoza® 70/30 Composition at pH 7

0.09 ml of the solution of liraglutide of example C2 is added to 0.21 ml of the solution of substituted dextran/Lantus® prepared in example C3, so as to obtain 0.3 ml of a composition at pH 7.6. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution. The composition containing 7 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 70 IU/ml of Lantus® and 1.8 mg/ml of Victoza® is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Victoza® in the presence of the substituted dextran at pH 7. This clear solution is placed at +4° C.

Generalization: Substituted dextran-Lantus®/Victoza® compositions at pH 7 were also prepared at V_(Lantus)/V_(Victoza) volume ratios of 90/10, 50/50, 30/70 and 90/10 according to the same protocol as that described in example C6. Thus, one volume V_(Victoza) of the solution of liraglutide of example C2 is added to one volume V_(Lantus) of the solution of substituted dextran/Lantus® prepared in example B3, so as to obtain a composition of which the pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution.

The compositions obtained (see table 12) are clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Victoza® in the presence of a substituted dextran at pH 7. These clear solutions are placed at +4° C.

Example C9 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Victoza® 100/50 Composition at pH 7

0.150 ml of the solution of liraglutide of example C2 are lyophilized, and then 0.3 ml of a solution of substituted dextran/Lantus® prepared in example C3 is added to the lyophilizate in order to obtain a composition of which the pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The composition containing 10 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 100 IU/ml of Lantus® and 3 mg/ml of Victoza® is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus® and of Victoza® in the presence of the substituted dextran at pH 7. This clear solution is placed at +4° C.

TABLE 12 Final Lantus ®, substituted dextran and Victoza ® concentrations of the compositions obtained in examples C8 and C9 Lantus ® [polysaccharide No.] Victoza ® IU/ml mg/ml (mg/ml) (mg/ml) 100/50  100 3.5 10 3 90/10 90 3.15 9 0.6 70/30 70 2.45 7 1.8 50/50 50 1.75 5 3 30/70 30 1.05 3 4.2

Example C10 Preparation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Apidra®/Byetta® 60/20/20 Composition at pH 7

20 mg of lyophilized Polysaccharide 4 described in example A3 are accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with 2 ml of the solution of insulin glargine of example B4. After mechanical stirring on rollers at ambient temperature, the solution becomes clear. The pH of this solution is 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. 0.2 ml of the solution of exenatide of example C1 and 0.2 ml of the solution of insulin glulisine of example B3 are added to 0.6 ml of the substituted dextran/Lantus® solution previously prepared so as to obtain 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition containing 6 mg/ml of polysaccharide, 60 IU/ml of Lantus®, 20 IU/ml of Apidra® and 0.05 mg/ml of Byetta® is clear, attesting to the good solubility of Lantus®, of Apidra® and of Byetta® in the presence of the substituted dextran at pH 7. This clear solution is filtered through a (0.22 μm) membrane and then placed at +4° C.

Example C11 Precipitation of Lantus®

0.250 ml of Lantus® is added to 0.5 ml of a solution of PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium.

A precipitate appears, which is in good agreement with the mechanism via which Lantus® functions (precipitation upon injection due to the increase in pH).

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. It results from this that 90% of Lantus® is found in a precipitated form.

Example C12 Precipitation of a Substituted Dextran/Lantus® Composition

0.250 ml of substituted dextran/Lantus® solution prepared in example C3 is added to 0.5 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. It results from this that 90% of Lantus® is found in a precipitated form. This percentage precipitation of Lantus® is identical to that obtained for the control described in example C11.

Example C13 Precipitation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Byetta® Composition

0.250 ml of the substituted dextran-Lantus®/Byetta® composition prepared in example C6 is added to 0.5 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® and Byetta® are then assayed in the supernatant. The percentage precipitation of Lantus® is similar to the control described in example C11.

Example C14 Precipitation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Victoza® 70/30 Composition

0.250 ml of the substituted dextran-Lantus®/Victoza® composition prepared in example C8 is added to 0.5 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® and Victoza® are then assayed in the supernatant. The percentage precipitation of Lantus® is similar to the control described in example C11.

Example C15 Precipitation of Various Compositions while Varying the Nature of the Substituted Dextran

Other tests under the same conditions as those of examples C13 and C14 were carried out in the presence of other dextrans.

Results with at most 20 mg/ml of substituted dextran and a Lantus®/Byetta® 70/30 composition are collated in table 13 below. It is observed that the solubilization and the precipitation of Lantus® are preserved.

TABLE 13 Results of the solubilization and precipitation tests obtained with at most 20 mg/ml of substituted dextran and a Lantus ®/Byetta ® 70/30 composition Solubilization Percentage Polysaccharide Lantus ®/Byetta ® precipitation No. 70/30 of Lantus ® 1 Yes 94 2 Yes 96 5 Yes 88 7 Yes 95 10 Yes Not measured 11 Yes 81 14 Yes Not measured 16 Yes 96 26 Yes 81 27 Yes 96 28 Yes 96 29 Yes 95

Results with at most 20 mg/ml of substituted dextran and various Lantus®/Byetta® compositions are collated in table 14 below. It is observed that the solubilization and the precipitation of Lantus® are preserved.

TABLE 14 Results of the solubilization and precipitation tests obtained with at most 20 mg/ml of substituted dextran and various Lantus ®/Byetta ® compositions Ratio Solubilization Percentage Polysaccharide Lantus ®/ Lantus ®/ precipitation No. Byetta ® Byetta ® of Lantus ® 4 100/50  Yes 95 4 90/10 Yes 94 4 70/30 Yes 95 4 50/50 Yes 90 4 30/70 Yes 82 8 100/50  Yes 96 8 90/10 Yes 94 8 70/30 Yes 96 8 50/50 Yes 90 8 30/70 Yes 81

Results with at most 40 mg/ml of substituted dextran and a Lantus®/Victoza® 70/30 composition are collated in table 15 below. It is observed that the solubilization and the precipitation of Lantus® are preserved,

TABLE 15 Results of the solubilization and precipitation tests obtained with at most 40 mg/ml of substituted dextran and a Lantus ®/Victoza ® 70/30 composition Solubilization Percentage Polysaccharide Lantus ®/Victoza ® precipitation of No. 70/30 Lantus ® 1 Yes 95 2 Yes 97 5 Yes Not measured 7 Yes 97 10 Yes Not measured 11 Yes Not measured 14 Yes 90 16 Yes 97 26 Yes 74 27 Yes 96 28 Yes 95 29 Yes 94

Results with at most 20 mg/ml of substituted dextran and various Lantus®/Victoza® compositions are collated in table 16 below. It is observed that the solubilization and the precipitation of Lantus® are preserved.

TABLE 16 Results of the solubilization and precipitation tests obtained with at most 20 mg/ml of substituted dextran and various Lantus ®/Victoza ® compositions Ratio Solubilization Percentage Polysaccharide Lantus ®/ Lantus ®/ precipitation No. Victoza ® Victoza ® of Lantus ® 4 90/10 Yes 94 4 70/30 Yes Not measured 4 50/50 Yes 90 4 30/70 Yes 86 8 100/50  Yes 93 8 90/10 Yes 95 8 70/30 Yes 98 8 50/50 Yes 89 8 30/70 Yes 85

Example C16 Precipitation of a Substituted Dextran-Lantus®/Apidra®/Byetta® 60/20/20 Composition at pH 7

0.250 ml of the substituted dextran-Lantus®/Apidra®/Byetta® composition prepared in example C10 is added to 0.5 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. Lantus® is then assayed in the supernatant. The percentage precipitation of Lantus® is similar to the control described in example C11.

TABLE II-1a list of the hydrophobized anionic polymers exemplified (II-AA1 and II-AB1-II-AB3) II-Hydrophobized anionic polymers and corresponding compositions Part A: Synthesis of the hydrophobized anionic polymers Hydrophobized anionic polymer No. II-AA1 II-AB1 Formula X V Anionic backbone

—R₅ n/a n/a (Degree of substitution) —R′ (Degree of substitution)

Hydrophobized anionic polymer No. II-AB2 II-AB3 Formula V V Anionic backbone

—R₅ n/a n/a (Degree of substitution) —R′ (Degree of substitution)

TABLE II-1b list of the hydrophobized anionic polymers exemplified (II-AB4-II-AB7) Hydrophobized anionic polymer No. II-AB4 II-AB5 Formula V V Anionic backbone

—R₅ n/a n/a (Degree of substitution) —R′ (Degree of substitution)

Hydrophobized anionic polymer No. II-AB6 II-AB7 Formula V V Anionic backbone

—R₅ n/a n/a (Degree of substitution) —R′ (Degree of substitution)

TABLE II-1c list of the hydrophobized anionic polymers exemplified (II-AB8-II-AB10) Hydrophobized anionic polymer No. II-AB8 II-AB9 Formula V V Anionic backbone

—R₅ n/a n/a (Degree of substitution) —R′ (Degree of substitution)

Hydrophobized anionic polymer No. II-AB10 Formula V Anionic backbone

—R₅ n/a (Degree of substitution) —R′ (Degree of substitution)

Example II-AA1 Sodium Pullulanmethylcarboxylate Modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AA1

N-(2-Aminoethyl)dodecanamide is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,201 (Weiner, N; et al.) from the methyl ester of dodecanoic acid (Sigma) and ethylenediamine (Roth).

8 g (i.e. 148 mmol of hydroxyl functions) of pullulan having a weight-average molar mass of approximately 100 kg/mol (Fluka) are dissolved in water. 15 ml of 10 N NaOH (148 mmol NaOH) are added to this solution. The mixture is brought 10 to 35° C., then 23 g (198 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate are added. The temperature of the reaction medium is gradually brought to 60° C. and then maintained at 60° C. for 100 minutes. The reaction medium is diluted with water, neutralized with acetic acid and purified by ultrafiltration on a 5 kD PES membrane against 6 volumes of water. The final solution is assayed by dry extract to determine the polymer concentration, and then assayed by acid/base titration in 50/50 (V/V) water/acetone to determine the degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate.

According to the dry extract: [polymer]=31.5 mg/g

According to the acid/base titration: the degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate is 1.17 per monomer unit.

The sodium pullulanmethylcarboxylate solution is passed over a Purolite resin (anionic) to obtain pullulanmethylcarboxylic acid, which is then lyophilized for 18 hours.

2 g of pullulanmethylcarboxylic acid (10 mmol of methylcarboxylic acid functions) are dissolved in DMF at 30 g/l and then cooled to 0° C. Once the polymer solution is at 0° C., 1.1 g (11 mmol) of NMM and 1.2 g (11 mmol) of EtOCOCl are then added. After reaction for 10 min, 0.2 g of N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide (0.9 mmol) is introduced and the medium is brought to 30° C. over the course of 90 minutes. An aqueous solution of imidazole at 600 g/l and 40 ml of water are added and the medium is then heated to 50° C. After stirring for 1 h 30 min at 50° C., the solution obtained is ultrafiltered through a 10 kD PES membrane against 0.9% NaCl, 0.01 N sodium hydroxide and water. The solution is lyophilized and analyzed by 1H NMR in D2O to determine the degree of substitution with methylcarboxylate modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide.

According to the 1H NMR: the degree of substitution with methylcarboxylate modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide is 0.11.

Example II-AB1 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with Cholesteryl Leucinate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1

Via a process similar to that described in Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 2659-2670, poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) is synthesized from a dextran having a weight-average molar mass of 5 kg/mol (Pharmacosmos). Via a process similar to that described in example II-AA1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) functionalized with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.3 per monomer unit is obtained. Via a process similar to that described in example II-AA1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl leucinate, with a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl leucinate of 0.04, is obtained.

Example II-AB2 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with Dilauryl Aspartate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB2

Dilauryl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is prepared from dodecanol and aspartic acid according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818 (Kenji M., et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with dilauryl aspartate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.25 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with dilauryl aspartate of 0.05, is obtained.

Example II-AB3 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB3

N-(2-Aminoethyl)dodecanamide is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,201 (Weiner et al.) from the methyl ester of dodecanoic acid (Sigma) and ethylenediamine (Roth).

Via a process similar to that described in Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 2659-2670, poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) is synthesized from a dextran having a weight-average molar mass of 10 kg/mol (Pharmacosmos).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.0 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)dodecanamide of 0.1, is obtained.

Example II-AB4 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethyl Dodecanoate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB4

2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818 (Kenji M., et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.2 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl dodecanoate of 0.1, is obtained.

Example II-AB5 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with Cholesteryl 2-Aminoethylcarbamate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB5

Cholesteryl 2-aminoethylcarbamate, hydrochloric acid salt, is prepared according to the process described in application WO2010053140 (Akiyoshi K., et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with cholesteryl 2-aminoethylcarbamate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.26 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with cholesteryl 2-aminoethylcarbamate of 0.04, is obtained.

Example II-AB6 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with Lauryl Glycinate Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB6

Lauryl glycinate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is prepared from dodecanol and glycine according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818 (Kenji M., et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB3, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with lauryl glycinate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.2 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with lauryl glycinate of 0.1, is obtained.

Example II-AB7 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with (±) α-Tocopheryl Leucinate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB7

(±) α-Tocopheryl leucinate, hydrochloric acid salt, is obtained according to the process described in the publication by Takata, J et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1995, 84(1), 96-100.

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with (±) α-tocopheryl leucinate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.26 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with (±) α-tocopheryl leucinate of 0.04, is obtained.

Example II-AB8 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with Octanoyl Phenylalaninate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB8

Octanoyl phenylalaninate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is prepared from 1-octanol and L-phenylalanine according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818 (Kenji M., et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB3, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with octanoyl phenylalaninate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.2 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with octanoyl phenylalaninate of 0.1, is obtained.

Example II-AB9 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with Didecyl Aspartate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB9

Didecyl aspartate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is prepared from dodecanol and aspartic acid according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818 (Kenji M., et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB3, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with didecyl aspartate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.25 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with didecyl aspartate of 0.05, is obtained.

Example II-AB10 Polyacetal Methylcarboxylate Modified with 3,7-Dimethyloctanoyl Phenylalaninate

Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB10

3,7-Dimethyloctanoyl phenylalaninate, para-toluenesulfonic acid salt, is prepared from 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol and L-phenylalanine according to the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,818 (Kenji et al.).

Via a process similar to that described in example II-AB1, a poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethylformal) sodium methylcarboxylate modified with 3,7-dimethyloctanoyl phenylalaninate, with a degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate of 1.1 and a degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates modified with 3,7-dimethyloctanoyl phenylalaninate of 0.2, is obtained.

Comparative example II-AC1 Sodium Dextranmethylcarboxylate Functionalized with Cholesteryl Leucinate

Polymer II-AC1

According to the process described in patent application WO 2012/153070, a sodium dextranmethylcarboxylate synthesized from a dextran having a weight-average molar mass of 1 kg/mol (Pharmacosmos) is functionalized with cholesteryl leucinate. The degree of substitution with sodium methylcarboxylate is 1.60. The degree of substitution with methylcarboxylates functionalized with cholesteryl leucinate is 0.05.

Part B: Demonstration of the Properties of the Compositions According to the Invention

Example II-B1 100 IU/ml Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (NovoLog®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin aspart sold by the company NOVO NORDISK under the name NovoLog® in the United States of America and Novorapid® in Europe. This product is a fast-acting insulin analog.

Example II-B2 100 IU/ml Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Humalog®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin lispro sold by the company ELI LILLY under the name Humalog®. This product is a fast-acting insulin analog.

Example II-B3 100 IU/ml Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Apidra®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin glulisine sold by the company SANOFI-AVENTIS under the name Apidra®. This product is a fast-acting insulin analog.

Example II-B4 100 IU/ml Solution of Slow-Acting Insulin Analog (Lantus®)

This solution is a commercial solution of insulin glargine sold by the company SANOFI-AVENTIS under the name Lantus®. This product is a slow-acting insulin analog.

Example II-B5 100 IU/ml Solution of Human Insulin (ActRapid®)

This solution is a commercial solution of human insulin from NOVO NORDISK sold under the name ActRapid®. This product is a human insulin.

Example II-B6 Solubilization of Insulin Glargine at 100 IU/ml and at pH 7 using a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer

A weight of at most 120 mg of a lyophilizate of hydrophobized anionic polymer chosen from those described in table 1 is accurately weighed out. The lyophilizate is taken up with 2 ml of the insulin glargine solution of example II-B4 in order to obtain a solution of which the hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration is at most 60 mg/ml. After mechanical stirring on rollers at ambient temperature, the solution becomes clear. The pH of this solution is approximately 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. This clear solution is filtered through a membrane (0.22 μm) and is then placed at +4° C.

The solubilization test according to the protocol above was carried out with various hydrophobized anionic polymers. These solutions are referenced in table 2.

TABLE II-2 Solutions according to example II-B6 with the hydrophobized anionic polymers C_(hydrophobized) Solution Hydrophobized _(anionic) C_(insulin) example anionic _(polymer) _(glargine) II-B6 polymer (mg/ml) (IU/ml) II-B6(a) II-AA1  60 100 II-B6(b) II-AB1  10 100 II-B6(c) II-AB2  10 100 II-B6(d) II-AB3  10 100 II-B6(e) II-AB4  10 100 II-B6(f) II-AB5  10 100 II-B6(g) II-AB6  10 100 II-B6(h) II-AB7  10 100 II-B6(i) II-AB8  10 100 II-B6(j) II-AB9  10 100 II-B6(k) II-AB10 10 100

Example II-B7 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Glulisine Composition with a 75/25 Insulin Glargine/Insulin Glulisine Ratio at pH 7

0.25 ml of the insulin glulisine solution of example II-B3 is added to 0.75 ml of the solution of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine prepared according to the protocol described in example II-B6(b), so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and the insulin glulisine under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B8 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition with a 75/25 Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Ratio at pH 7

0.25 ml of the insulin lispro solution of example B2 is added to 0.75 ml of the solution of anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine prepared according to the protocol described in example II-B6(b), so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and of the insulin lispro under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B9 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Aspart Composition with a 75/25 Insulin Glargine/Insulin Aspart Ratio at pH 7

0.25 ml of the insulin aspart solution of example II-B1 is added to 0.75 ml of the solution of anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine prepared in example II-B6(b), so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting 10 to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and of the insulin aspart under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B10 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Human Insulin Composition with a 75/25 Insulin Glargine/Human Insulin Ratio at pH 7

0.25 ml of the human insulin solution of example II-B5 is added to 0.75 ml of the solution of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine prepared in example II-B6(b), so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and of the human insulin under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B11 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition with a 60/40 Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Ratio at pH 7

0.4 ml of the insulin lispro solution of example II-B2 is added to 0.6 ml of the solution of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine prepared in example II-B6(b), so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and of the insulin lispro under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B12 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition with a 40/60 Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Ratio at pH 7

0.6 ml of the insulin lispro solution of example II-B2 is added to 0.4 ml of the solution of anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine prepared in example II-B6(b), so as to form 1 ml of a composition at pH 7. The composition is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and of the insulin lispro under these formulation conditions. This clear solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B13 Insulin Glargine Precipitation

1 ml of the insulin glargine solution of example II-B4 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 20 mg/ml of BSA (bovine serum albumin). The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears, which is in good agreement with the mechanism via which insulin glargine works (precipitation upon injection due to increased pH).

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. The insulin glargine is then assayed in the supernatant by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The result is that the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form.

Example II-B14 Precipitation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AA1/Insulin Glargine Composition

1 ml of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AA1/insulin glargine solution prepared in example II-B6(a) is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. The insulin glargine is then assayed in the supernatant by RP-HPLC. The result is that the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form.

Solubilization and precipitation tests identical to those described in examples II-B6 and II-B14 were carried out with other hydrophobized anionic polymers with a concentration of at most 60 mg/ml for an insulin glargine concentration of 100 IU/ml. The result is that, for all the compositions II-B6(b) to II-B6(k), the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form after the addition of 1 ml of the composition to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The results are summarized in table 4.

TABLE II-4 Tests for solubilization and precipitation of a hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine composition Hydrophobized anionic Insulin glargine Insulin glargine polymer solubilization precipitation II-AA1  Yes Yes II-AB1  Yes Yes II-AB2  Yes Yes II-AB3  Yes Yes II-AB4  Yes Yes II-AB5  Yes Yes II-AB6  Yes Yes II-AB7  Yes Yes II-AB8  Yes Yes II-AB9  Yes Yes II-AB10 Yes Yes

Example II-B15 Precipitation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition with a 75/25 Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Ratio at pH 7

1 ml of the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine/insulin lispro 75/25 composition prepared according to the protocol of example II-B8 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. The insulin glargine is then assayed in the supernatant by RP-HPLC. The result is that the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form.

Example II-B16 Precipitation of Various Compositions while Varying the Nature of the Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer

Other insulin glargine precipitation tests under the same conditions as those of example II-B15 were carried out in the presence of other hydrophobized anionic polymers.

The results are collated in the following table 5, and it is observed that the solubilization and also the precipitation of the insulin glargine are preserved.

TABLE II-5 Tests for solubilization and precipitation of a hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine/insulin lispro 75/25 composition at pH 7 Solubilization of insulin Hydrophobized glargine/insulin lispro Insulin glargine anionic polymer 75/25 precipitation II-AA1  Yes Yes II-AB1  Yes Yes II-AB2  Yes Yes II-AB3  Yes Yes II-AB4  Yes Yes II-AB5  Yes Yes II-AB6  Yes Yes II-AB7  Yes Yes II-AB8  Yes Yes II-AB9  Yes Yes II-AB10 Yes Yes

Example II-B17 Precipitation of Various Compositions while Varying the Nature of the Prandial Insulin

Compositions are prepared by mixing 0.75 ml of the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine solution prepared according to the protocol of example II-B6(b) with 0.25 ml of a prandial insulin, so as to form 1 ml of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine/prandial insulin composition (containing 7.5 mg/ml of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1, 75 IU/ml of insulin glargine and 25 IU/ml of prandial insulin).

This composition is added to 2 ml of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears. Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. The insulin glargine is then assayed in the supernatant by RP-HPLC. The result is that the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form. In the presence of the 4 prandial insulins tested, the insulin glargine precipitates from the PBS/BSA mixture. The results are collated in table 6.

TABLE II-6 Tests for solubilization and precipitation of a hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine/prandial insulin 75/25 composition Solubilization of insulin Nature of the glargine/prandial Insulin glargine prandial insulin insulin 75/25 precipitation Insulin glulisine (Apidra ®) Yes Yes Insulin aspart (NovoLog ®) Yes Yes Insulin lispro (Humalog ®) Yes Yes Human insulin (ActRapid ®) Yes Yes

Example II-B18 Preparation of a Concentrated Solution of Slow-Acting Insulin Analog (Insulin Glargine)

A commercial solution of insulin glargine sold by the company SANOFI-AVENTIS under the name Lantus® is concentrated by ultrafiltration on a 3 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane (Amicon® Ultra-15 sold by the company Millipore). At the end of this ultrafiltration step, the insulin glargine concentration is assayed in the retentate by RP-HPLC. The final concentration of insulin glargine is then adjusted by adding commercial insulin glargine solution at 100 IU/ml so as to obtain the desired final concentration. This process makes it possible to obtain concentrated solutions of insulin glargine, denoted C_(insulin glargine) at various concentrations greater than 100 IU/ml, such as C_(insulin glargine)=200, 250, 300 and 333 IU/ml. The concentrated solutions are filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then stored at +4° C.

Example II-B19 Dialysis of a Commercial Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Insulin Lispro)

A commercial solution of insulin lispro (example II-B2) sold by the company ELI LILLY under the name Humalog® is dialyzed by ultrafiltration on a 3 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane (Amicon® Ultra-15 sold by the company Millipore). The dialysis is carried out in a 1 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7. At the end of this dialysis step, the concentration C_(insulin lispro dialyzed) in the retentate is determined by RP-HPLC. The dialyzed solution is stored in a freezer at −80° C.

Example II-B20 Lyophilization of a Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Insulin Lispro) in its Commercial Form

A volume V_(Humalog) of a solution of fast-acting insulin lispro (example II-B2) at a concentration of 100 IU/ml in its commercial form is placed in a Lyogard® tray sterilized beforehand in an autoclave. The Lyogard® tray is placed in a freezer at −80° C. for approximately 1 h and then lyophilization with the parameters of temperature 20° C. and pressure 0.31 mbar is carried out.

The resulting sterile lyophilizate is stored at ambient temperature.

Example II-B21 Lyophilization of a Commercial Solution of Fast-Acting Insulin Analog (Insulin Lispro) which has been Dialyzed

A volume V_(Humalog dialyzed) of a solution of fast-acting insulin lispro obtained according to example II-B19 at a concentration of C_(insulin lispro dialyzed) is placed in a Lyogard® tray sterilized beforehand in an autoclave. The Lyogard® tray is placed in a freezer at −80° C. for approximately 1 h and then lyophilization with the parameters of temperature 20° C. and pressure 0.31 mbar is carried out.

The resulting sterile lyophilizate is stored at ambient temperature.

Example II-B22 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine Composition at pH 7, According to a Process Using Concentrated Insulin Glargine in Liquid Form (in Solution) and a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer in Solid Form (Lyophilized)

A weight w_(hydrophobized anionic polymer) of hydrophobized anionic polymer is accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with a volume V_(insulin glargine) of a concentrated solution of insulin glargine prepared according to example II-B18 so as to obtain a composition having a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration C_(hydrophobized anionic polymer) (mg/ml)=w_(hydrophobized anionic polymer)/V_(insurin glargine) and an insulin glargine concentration C_(insulin glargine) (IU/ml). The solution is opalescent. The pH of this solution is approximately 6.3. The pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH and then the solution is placed statically in an incubator at 37° C. for approximately 1 hour until complete solubilization is obtained. A volume V_(hydrophoblzed anionic polymer/insulin glargine) of this visually clear solution is placed at +4° C.,

Example II-B23 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine Composition at pH 7, According to a Process Using Insulin Glargine in Liquid Form (in Solution) and a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer in Liquid Form (in Solution)

Concentrated solutions of m-cresol, glycerol and Tween® 20 are added to a stock solution of hydrophobized anionic polymer at pH 7 which has a concentration Cstock hydrophobized anionic polymer, so as to obtain a solution of hydrophobized anionic polymer having a concentration Cstock hydrophobized anionic polymer/excipients (mg/ml) in the presence of these excipients at contents equivalent to those described in the commercial solution Lantus® in a 10 ml bottle.

In a sterile pot, a volume VLantus of a commercial solution of slow-acting insulin glargine sold under the name Lantus® at a concentration of 100 IU/ml is added to a volume Vstock hydrophobized anionic polymer/excipients of a solution of hydrophobized anionic polymer at the concentration C_(stock hydrophobized anionic polymer/excipients) (mg/ml). A cloudiness appears. The pH is adjusted to pH 7 by adding concentrated NaOH and the solution is placed statically in an incubator at 37° C. for approximately 1 hour until complete solubilization is obtained. This visually clear solution is placed at +4° C.

Example II-B24 Preparation of a Concentrated Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine Composition at pH=7, According to a Process for Concentrating a Dilute Composition

A dilute hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine composition at pH 7 described in example II-B23 is concentrated by ultrafiltration on a 3 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane (Amicon® Ultra-15 sold by the company Millipore). At the end of this ultrafiltration step, the retentate is clear and the insulin glargine concentration in the composition is determined by RP-HPLC. If necessary, the insulin glargine concentration in the composition is then adjusted to the desired value by dilution in a solution of excipients m-cresol/glycerol/Tween®20 having, for each entity, a concentration equivalent to that described in the commercial solution Lantus® (in a 10 ml bottle). This solution at pH 7, which is visually clear, and which has an insulin glargine concentration C_(insulin glargine) (IU/ml) and a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration C_(hydrophobized anionic polymer) (mg/ml), is placed at +4° C.

Example II-B25 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7, from a Lyophilizate of a Fast-Acting Insulin Lispro in its Commercial Form (Humalog®)

A volume V_(hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine) of hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine solution at pH 7 having an insulin glargine concentration C_(insulin glargine) (IU/ml) and a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration C_(hydrophobized anionic polymer) (mg/ml) prepared according to example II-B22 is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of a volume V_(insulin lispro) of which the preparation is described in example II-B20, such that the ratio V_(hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine)/V_(insuln lispro)=100/C_(insulin lispro) where C_(insulin lispro) is the concentration of insulin lispro (IU/ml) targeted in the composition. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration C_(zinc) (μM) by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulin glargine and of the insulin lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Example II-B26 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7, from a Lyophilizate of a Fast-Acting Insulin Lispro Obtained by Dialysis of a Commercial Solution (Humalog®)

A volume V_(hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine) of hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine solution, pH 7, having an insulin glargine concentration C_(insulin glargine) (IU/ml) and a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration C_(hydrophobized anionic polymer) (mg/ml) prepared according to example II-B22 is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of a volume V_(insulin lispro dialyzed) of which the preparation is described in example II-B21, such that the ratio V_(hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine)/V_(insulin lispro dialyzed)=C_(insulin lispro dialyzed)/C_(insulin lispro) where C_(insulin lispro dialyzed) is the concentration of insulin lispro (IU/ml) obtained at the end of the dialysis of the commercial solution, the step described in example II-B19, and C_(insulin lispro) is the concentration of insulin lispro (IU/ml) targeted in the composition. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration C_(zinc) (μM) by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Example II-B27 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having an Insulin Glargine Concentration of 200 IU/ml and an Insulin Lispro Concentration of 66 IU/ml (Percentage Proportion of Insulin: Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro 75/25)

A concentrated insulin glargine solution at 200 IU/ml is prepared according to example II-B18. A hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 (15 mg/ml)/insulin glargine 200 IU/ml composition, pH 7, is prepared from a hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 and according to the preparation method described in example II-B22. This hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine 200 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog derived from the dialysis of a commercial solution, according to the preparation method described in example II-B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Example II-B28 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having an Insulin Glargine Concentration of 300 IU/ml and an Insulin Lispro Concentration of 100 IU/ml (Percentage Proportion of Insulin: Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro 75/25)

A concentrated insulin glargine solution at 300 IU/ml is prepared according to example II-B18. A hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 (23 mg/ml)/insulin glargine 300 IU/ml composition, pH 7, is prepared from the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 and according to the preparation method described in example II-B22. This hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine 300 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog derived from the dialysis of a commercial solution, according to the preparation method described in example II-B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine/insulin lispro 300/100 compositions at pH 7 were also prepared with other hydrophobized anionic polymers according to a preparation method identical to that described in example II-B29 with a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration of 30 mg/ml. These formulations are clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. These compositions result in the examples described in table 7.

TABLE II-7 C_(insulin) C_(hydrophobized) _(glargine)/ Hydrophobized _(anionic) C_(insulin) C_(insulin) C_(insulin) anionic _(polymer) _(glargine) _(lispro) _(lispro) Example polymer (mg/ml) (IU/ml) (IU/ml) (%/%) II-B29 II-AB2  30 300 100 75/25 II-B30 II-AB3  30 300 100 75/25 II-B31 II-AB4  30 300 100 75/25 II-B32 II-AB5  30 300 100 75/25 II-B33 II-AB6  30 300 100 75/25 II-B34 II-AB7  30 300 100 75/25 II-B35 II-AB8  30 300 100 75/25 II-B36 II-AB9  30 300 100 75/25 II-B37 II-AB10 30 300 100 75/25

Example II-B38 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB2/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having an Insulin Glargine Concentration of 200 IU/ml and an Insulin Lispro Concentration of 66 IU/ml (Percentage Proportion of Insulin: Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro 75/25)

A hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB2 (20 mg/ml)/insulin glargine 200 IU/ml composition, pH 7, is prepared from a hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB2 and according to the preparation methods described in examples II-B23 and II-B24. This hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB2/insulin glargine 200 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog derived from the dialysis of a commercial solution, according to the preparation method described in example II-B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine/insulin lispro 200/66 compositions at pH 7 were also prepared with other hydrophobized anionic polymers according to a preparation method identical to that described in example II-B38 with a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration of 20 mg/ml. These formulations are clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. These compositions result in the examples described in table 8.

TABLE II-8 C_(insulin) C_(hydrophobized) _(glargine)/ Hydrophobized _(anionic) C_(insulin) C_(insulin) C_(insulin) anionic _(polymer) _(glargine) _(lispro) _(lispro) Example polymer (mg/ml) (IU/ml) (IU/ml) (%/%) II-B39 II-AB3  20 200 66 75/25 II-B40 II-AB4  20 200 66 75/25 II-B41 II-AB5  20 200 66 75/25 II-B42 II-AB6  20 200 66 75/25 II-B43 II-AB6  20 200 66 75/25 II-B44 II-AB8  20 200 66 75/25 II-B45 II-AB9  20 200 66 75/25 II-B46 II-AB10 20 200 66 75/25

Example II-B47 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having an Insulin Glargine Concentration of 250 IU/ml and an Insulin Lispro Concentration of 150 IU/ml (Percentage Proportion of Insulin: Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro 63/37)

A hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 (19 mg/ml)/insulin glargine 250 IU/ml composition, pH 7, is prepared from a hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 and according to the preparation methods described in example II-B22. This hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine 200 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog derived from the dialysis of a commercial solution, according to the preparation method described in example II-B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine/insulin lispro 250/150 compositions at pH 7 were also prepared with other hydrophobized anionic polymers according to a preparation method identical to that described in example II-B47 with a hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration of 25 mg/ml. These formulations are clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. These compositions result in the examples described in table 9.

TABLE II-9 C_(insulin) C_(hydrophobized) _(glargine)/ Hydrophobized _(anionic) C_(insulin) C_(insulin) C_(insulin) anionic _(polymer) _(glargine) _(lispro) _(lispro) Example polymer (mg/ml) (IU/ml) (IU/ml) (%/%) II-B48 II-AB2  25 250 150 63/37 II-B49 II-AB3  25 250 150 63/37 II-B50 II-AB4  25 250 150 63/37 II-B51 II-AB5  25 250 150 63/37 II-B52 II-AB6  25 250 150 63/37 II-B53 II-AB7  25 250 150 63/37 II-B54 II-AB8  25 250 150 63/37 II-B55 II-AB9  25 250 150 63/37 II-B56 II-AB10 25 250 150 63/37

Example II-B57 Preparation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Composition at pH 7 Having an Insulin Glargine Concentration of 300 IU/ml and an Insulin Lispro Concentration of 100 IU/ml (Percentage Proportion of Insulin: Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro 75/25)

A hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 (13 mg/ml)/insulin glargine 300 IU/ml composition, pH 7, is prepared from a hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 and according to the preparation methods described in examples II-B23 and II-B24. This hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1/insulin glargine 300 IU/ml composition is added to a lyophilizate of insulin lispro obtained by lyophilization of the solution of fast-acting analog derived from the dialysis of a commercial solution, according to the preparation method described in example II-B26. The solution is clear. The zinc content of the formulation is adjusted to the desired concentration by adding a concentrated solution of zinc chloride. The final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding concentrated NaOH or HCl.

The formulation is clear, attesting to the good solubility of the insulins glargine and lispro under these formulation conditions. This solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and placed at +4° C.

Example II-B58 Precipitation of Various Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine/Insulin Lispro Compositions at pH 7 Having Various Insulin Glargine and Insulin Lispro Concentrations

1 of hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine/insulin lispro composition prepared in examples II-B27 to II-B57 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears. Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. The insulin glargine is then assayed in the supernatant by RP-HPLC. The result is that the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form.

The solubilization and precipitation results are summarized in table 10.

TABLE II-10 Solubilization and precipitation tests for various hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine/ insulin lispro compositions at pH 7 having various insulin glargine and insulin lispro concentrations Solubilization insulin glargine and insulin lispro Insulin glargine Examples at pH 7 precipitation II-B27 YES YES II-B28 YES YES II-B29 YES YES II-B30 YES YES II-B31 YES YES II-B32 YES YES II-B33 YES YES II-B34 YES YES II-B35 YES YES II-B36 YES YES II-B37 YES YES II-B38 YES YES II-B39 YES YES II-B40 YES YES II-B41 YES YES II-B42 YES YES II-B43 YES YES II-B44 YES YES II-B45 YES YES II-B46 YES YES II-B47 YES YES II-B48 YES YES II-B49 YES YES II-B50 YES YES II-B51 YES YES II-B52 YES YES II-B53 YES YES II-B54 YES YES II-B55 YES YES II-B56 YES YES II-B57 YES YES

Example II-B59 Solubilization of Insulin Glargine at 1 Mg/ml and at pH 7 Using the Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1 or II-AC1 at the Concentration of 10 mg/ml

10 mg of a hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 or of II-AC1 are accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with 1 ml of a solution of insulin glargine at 1 mg/ml, obtained by dilution of the commercial solution of example II-B4. This mixture results in the obtaining of a solution of which the hydrophobized anionic polymer concentration is equal to 10 mg/ml and the insulin glargine concentration is equal to 1 mg/ml. The pH is adjusted to 7 with a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is clear. This solution is filtered through a (0.22 μm) membrane and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B60

Solubilization of BMP-7 at 1 mg/ml and at pH 7 Using the Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer II-AB1 or II-AC1 at the Concentration of 10 mg/ml

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) is soluble at acidic pH and has a very low solubility limit at pH 7, of about a few micrograms/ml.

10 mg of the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 or of II-AC1 are accurately weighed out. This lyophilizate is taken up with 1 ml of a solution of BMP-7 at 1 mg/ml and at acidic pH, for example in a 10 mM lactate buffer at pH 3. This mixture results in the obtaining of a solution of which the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 concentration is equal to 10 mg/ml and the BMP-7 concentration is equal to 1 mg/ml. After mixing, the final pH is adjusted to 7 by adding a 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The solution is clear. This solution is filtered through a (0.22 μm) membrane and then placed at +4° C.

Example II-B61 Precipitation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/Insulin Glargine Composition

1 ml of hydrophobized anionic polymer/insulin glargine solution prepared in example II-B59 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. A precipitate appears.

Centrifugation at 4000 rpm is carried out in order to separate the precipitate from the supernatant. The insulin glargine is then assayed in the supernatant by RP-HPLC. The result is that the insulin glargine is predominantly in a precipitated form. The results are summarized in table 11.

Example II-B62 Precipitation of a Hydrophobized Anionic Polymer/BMP-7 Composition

1 ml of hydrophobized anionic polymer/BMP-7 solution prepared in example II-B60 is added to 2 ml of a solution of PBS containing 20 mg/ml of BSA. The PBS/BSA mixture simulates the composition of the subcutaneous medium. The solution is clear, no precipitate is observed. The results are summarized in table 11 below.

TABLE 11 Tests for solubilization and precipitation of a composition of hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 or of II-AC1 with insulin glargine or with BMP-7 Polymer Protein Protein Protein 10 mg/ml 1 mg/ml solubilization precipitation II-AC1 BMP-7 Yes No II-AB1 Yes No II-AC1 glargine Yes Yes II-AB1 Yes Yes

These results show that the behavior of BMP-7 is different than that of insulin glargine, in particular under the conditions simulating subcutaneous medium. Indeed, under these conditions, the compositions comprising insulin glargine result in the precipitation of the insulin glargine, whereas, with the compositions comprising BMP-7, the latter remains soluble.

C Pharmacodynamics II-C1. Protocol for Measuring the Pharmacodynamics of the Insulin Solutions

A preclinical study was carried out on pigs with a view to evaluating a composition according to the invention:

insulin glargine/insulin lispro (75/25), formulated with the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 (13 mg/ml) described in example II-B57.

The hypoglycemic effects of these compositions were compared with those obtained after simultaneous injections of Lantus® (pH 4) and of a prandial insulin Humalog® in the same proportions (75/25) and at the same total dose.

Ten domestic pigs weighing approximately 50 kg, previously catheterized at the level of the jugular, are deprived of food for 2.5 hours before the beginning of the experiment. In the hour preceding the injection of insulin, three blood samples are taken in order to determine the basal level of glucose.

The injection of insulin at a dose of 0.3 IU/kg is carried out by subcutaneous injection in the neck, under the animal's ear, using the Novopen® insulin pen fitted with a 31 G needle.

Blood samples are then taken after 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 hours. After taking each sample, the catheter is rinsed with a dilute heparin solution.

A drop of blood is taken to determine the blood glucose level by means of a glucometer.

The curve of mean glucose pharmacodynamics, expressed in percentages of the basal level, is represented in figure II-1.

FIG. 1: Curves of means of blood glucose level±standard deviation of the mean for the simultaneous administrations of Humalog® (100 IU/ml, 0.075 IU/kg) and Lantus® (100 IU/ml, 0.225 IU/kg) in comparison with the administration of a formulation according to the invention described in example II-B57 (400 IU/ml, 0.3 IU/kg).

II-C2. Pharmacodynamics Results for the Solution of Insulin of Example II-B57

The pharmacodynamics results obtained with the sequential administrations of Humalog® and Lantus® in comparison with the formulation described in example II-B57 are presented in figure. II-1. The hypoglycemic activity of the formulation described in example II-B57 is two-phase. The first phase, which is rapid, is characterized by a marked decrease in blood glucose level during the first 30 minutes (similar to that induced by the double injection of Lantus®/Humalog®), indicating that the presence of the hydrophobized anionic polymer II-AB1 does not disrupt the fast-acting nature of Humalog®. After 30 minutes, the blood glucose level increases again up to 3 hours, before a second phase characterized by a hypoglycemic activity which is less marked and sustained until 16 hours post-injection. This second phase appears to be similar for the two formulations, indicating that the basal effect of glargine is indeed preserved in the formulation according to the invention, described in example II-B57. 

1-17. (canceled)
 18. A composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, the pH of which is between 6.6 and 7.8, comprising at least: a) a basal insulin, the isoelectric point pI of which is between 5.8 and 8.5; b) a hydrophobized anionic polymer of formula XII:

in which, -l=0 or 1, -m=0, 1 or 2, -a=0 or 1, -n being the degree of polymerization, of between 3 and 1000, and -R₁ is a hydrogen —H, -R₃ is a radical —CH₂R′, —R₅ is either a COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical -k-[D], in which: -[D] is a radical -[Hy] or -[E]-(o-[Hy])_(t); -[E]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or amine functions and/or -k-[E]-(o)_(t), comprising from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine or from an amine alcohol; -[Hy] is a C₈ to C₃₀ linear or cyclic alkyl group or a C₈ to C₃₀ alkylaryl or arylalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more C₁ to C₃ alkyl groups, which is derived from a hydrophobic compound; k resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl, amine or alcohol function of the precursor of -k-[E]-(o)_(t) and an alcohol, carboxyl or amine function of the polymer and is a function chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide, carbonate and carbamate functions; o resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl, amine or alcohol function of the precursor of -k-[E]-(o)_(t) and an alcohol or acid function of the precursor of -[Hy] is a function chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide, urea (carbamide), carbonate and carbamate functions; t is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2; or —R₁ and —R₃ form a six-membered ring —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)—, and —R′ is chosen from the group consisting of the radicals: —OH -O-Alk, Alk being a C₁ to C₃ alkyl chain, -(f-[A]-COOH), in which: -[A]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or amine functions and/or -f-[A]-COOH is derived from an amino acid, from a diacid or from an alcohol acid and is bonded to the backbone of the molecule via a function f; f resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or alcohol or amine function of the precursor of -f-[A]-COOH and a hydroxyl function of the backbone is chosen from the group consisting of ether, ester, carbamate or carbonate functions; -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p), in which: -[B]- is an at least divalent radical comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms comprising at least one heteroatom chosen from O, N and S, optionally bearing carboxyl or amine functions and/or -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) is derived from an amino acid, from a diacid, from a dialcohol, from an alcohol acid, from a diamine or from an amine alcohol and is bonded to the backbone of the molecule via a function g and is bonded to at least one radical -[D] via a function k, g resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or alcohol or amine function of the precursor of -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) and a function of the backbone is chosen from the group consisting of ether, amine, ester, carbamate or carbonate functions, k resulting from the reaction between a carboxyl or alcohol or amine function of the precursor of -g-[B]-(k-)_(p) and an alcohol or acid function of the precursor of -[D] is chosen from the group consisting of ester, amide or carbamate functions; p is a positive integer equal to 1 or 2; and -[A]-, -[B]- and [E]- are identical or different, and k and o are identical or different; and, if -[B]- is a trivalent radical, then -[D] is a radical -[Hy], and the degree of substitution with carboxylate charges is the average number of carboxylate charges per monomer divided by (l+m) and is greater than or equal to 0.4, and the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals is the average number of hydrophobic radicals per monomer divided by (l+m) and is less than or equal to 0.5, and, if the hydrophobized anionic polymer is a polysaccharide, then the identical or different glycosidic linkages may be of a type and/or of β type.
 19. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula XII in which l=0 and m=1, chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula IV:

in which —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical —CH₂R′, or a radical -k-[D], —R′ and n.
 20. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula IV:

in which —R₅ is a radical —CH₂R′, —R′ and n.
 21. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula XII in which m=0, l=1 and a=0, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula V:

and —R′ and n.
 22. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula XII in which l=1, m=2 and a=0, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula VI:

and —R′ and n.
 23. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula XII, in which m=1, l=1, a=1, —R₁-R₃—=—CH(NHCOCH₃)—, —R₂=—CH₂R′, —R₄=—CH₂R′, —R₅ is either a —COOH group, or a radical -k-[D], and —R₆=—CH₂R′, in other words it is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formula VII:

R′ and n being.
 24. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae IV to VII and XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the radicals of formula II below: in which:

is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12, and —R₇ and —R₈, which may be identical or different, are chosen from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic C₁ to C₆ alkyl, a benzyl, an alkylaryl, optionally comprising heteroatoms chosen from the group consisting of O, N and/or S, or functions chosen from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol and thiol functions.
 25. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the compounds of formulae IV to VII and XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.
 26. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the compounds of formulae IV to VII and XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH, comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, is derived from an amino acid, from a dialcohol, from a diamine, from a diacid or from an amine alcohol.
 27. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae IV to VII and XII corresponding to the following conditions: when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₈ to C₁₅ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2, when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises one Hy chain and Hy is a C₁₆ to C₂₀ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 1, when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₈ to C₉ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 2, when -g-[B]-(k-[D])_(p) comprises two Hy chains and Hy is a C₁₀ to C₁₆ alkyl, then the product of the degree of substitution with hydrophobic radicals and the average degree of polymerization (n) is greater than or equal to 0.2.
 28. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the hydrophobized anionic polymer is chosen from the hydrophobized anionic polymers of formulae IV to VII and XII, in which the radical -f-[A]-COOH is chosen from the group consisting of the following radicals, f having the meaning given above:

or the salts thereof with alkali metal cations chosen from the group consisting of Na⁺ and K⁺.
 29. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, is insulin glargine.
 30. The composition according to claim 18, which comprises between 40 and 500 IU/ml of basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.
 31. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the concentration of hydrophobized anionic polymer is at most 100 mg/ml.
 32. The composition according to claim 18, which also comprises a prandial insulin.
 33. The composition according to claim 18, which comprises in total between 40 and 800 IU/ml of insulin with a combination of prandial insulin and basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5.
 34. The composition according to claim 33, wherein the proportions between the basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and the prandial insulin are, for example, as a percentage, 25/75, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 75/25, 80/20, 90/10 for formulations as described above comprising from 40 to 800 IU/ml.
 35. A single-dose formulation at a pH of between 6.6 and 7.8, which comprises a basal insulin, the isoelectric point of which is between 5.8 and 8.5, and a prandial insulin. 